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SA2 - OOP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When Overloading does not occur? | More than one method with same name, same number of parameters and type but different signature |
| What is it called if an object has its own lifecycle and there is no owner? | Association |
| Which of following statement can result in new object instance creation if executed successfully. -All -String str = new String("VirtuQ"); -String str = "VirtuQ" + " "+ Simplifying Education"; -int [] arr = {1,2,3,4,5}; -String str = new String(); | All |
| OOP describes the task to be performed on objects.(T/F) | True |
| True or False: This line of code is correct System.out.println("Hi!"); | True |
| static Variable used in defining a class variable(T/F) | True |
| Global Variables are variables used in a methodT/F) | False |
| a method a method that is accessible from all classes. | public method |
| final Variable: constant variable(T/F) | True |
| This - It can be used to access class variables and methods.(T/F) | False |
| Which feature can be implemented using encapsulation? Group of answer choices Abstraction Polymorphism Inheritance Overloading | Abstraction |
| Encapsulation is implemented by using__________ Group of answer choices None of the above class private public static | |
| How can Encapsulation be achieved? Group of answer choices Using Abstraction Using inheritance Using only private members Using Access Specifiers | Using Access Specifiers |
| Abstraction is the way to add functions in a user defined structure.(T/F) | False |
| Which among the following violates the principle of encapsulation almost always? Group of answer choices Array variables Public variables Local variables Global variables | Global variables |
| How many classes can be inherited by a single class in java? | Only 1 |
| If base class contains 2 nested classes, will it be possible to implement single level inheritance? Yes, only if derived class also have nested classes No, never No, it will use more than 2 classes which is wrong Yes, always | Yes, always |
| Which among the following is correct for a hierarchical inheritance? | One base class can be derived into other two derived classes or more |
| Which amongst the following is true for hybrid inheritance? Group of answer choices Constructor calls are priority based Constructor of only derived class is called Constructor calls are usual Constructor calls are in reverse | Constructor calls are usual |
| Which among the following is correct for the following code? class A { public : class B { public : B(int i): data(i) { } int data; } }; class C: public A { class D:public A::B{ }; }; | Single level inheritance is used, with both enclosing and nested classes |
| The focus of procedural programming is to break down a programming task into a collection of variables, data structures, and subroutines(T/F) | True |
| A _____ is a procedure associated with a class that describes an action an object is able to perform. function routine method procedure | Method |
| ________ describes the task to be performed on objects. Group of answer choices Procedural Programming OOP | OOP |
| What is it called where child object gets killed if parent object is killed? Group of answer choices Composition Aggregation Association Encapsulation | Composition |
| this keyword can be passed as an argument in the method call.(T/F) | True |
| ________ – a method that is automatically executed when an object is created. This method is used to initialize the attributes. Group of answer choices Constructor Default Custom | Constructor |
| Access (Getter) – a method that is used to access or retrieve data. Group of answer choices false true | False |
| Instance Variables are variables stored in the class and are available to all objects of a class or objects of other classes if access is permitted(T/F) | False |
| In Inheritance, the programmer can change one part of the code without affecting other parts Group of answer choices true false | True |
| Encapsulation is implemented by using private Group of answer choices false true | True |
| Encapsulation is supported by ___________ Group of answer choices None of the above Objects Methods Classes | Classes |
| Which among the following should be encapsulated? -The data which belongs to some other class -The data which is intended to be changed -The data which is prone to change is near future -The data prone to change in long terms | The data which belongs to some other class |
| Which is the correct syntax of inheritance? | class derived_classname : access base_classname{ /*define class body*/ }; |
| The private members of the base class are visible in derived class but are not accessible directly. Group of answer choices True False | True |
| Which among the following best describes multiple inheritance? | More than one class being parent of single child |
| Which access type data gets derived as private member in derived class? Group of answer choices Protected Private Public Protected and Private | |
| If class A and class B are derived from class C and class D, then ________________ Group of answer choices Those is enclosing class Those are all independent classes Those are 2 pairs of single inheritance That is multilevel inheritance | That is multilevel inheritance |
| ___ ___is a technique of solving a problem and breaking it down into smaller parts and solving each of the smaller problems. | Procedural Programming |
| This model of software development is process-centric or procedural since it concentrates on the procedures in a system. | Procedural Programming |
| It describes the task to be performed on objects. These objects that have to be created and stored in the computer memory, contain data and instructions to perform tasks specific to that object. | Object-Oriented Programming |
| ØThe focus of ___ ___ is to break down a programming task into a collection of variables, data structures, and subroutines | Procedural Programming |
| Whereas in ___ -___ ___, it is to break down a programming task into objects that expose behavior (methods) and data (members or attributes) using interfaces. | Object-Oriented Programming |
| The most important distinction is that while ___ ___uses procedures to operate on data structures | Procedural Programming |
| ___ ___programming bundles the two together, so an "object", which is an instance of a class, operates on its "own" data structure. | Object-Oriented |
| procedure vs ___ | procedure vs methods |
| ___ vs methods | procedure vs methods |
| ___ vs object | record vs object |
| record vs ___ | record vs object |
| ___ ___ vs message | procedure call vs message |
| procedure call vs ___ | procedure call vs message |
| It uses a collection of objects interacting with each other. | Object-Oriented Programming |
| One of the principal advantages of using ___ ___ is that it enables programmers to create modules that need not be changed when a new type of object is added. | OOP technique |
| Reduced software complexities and realistic modelling through the use of various techniques: | Benefits of OOP |
| The process of picking out the common features of objects and procedures. This process focuses on the essential characteristics of an object. | Abstraction |
| The process of hiding the implementation details of an object. | Encapsulation |
| Software reusability by implementing inheritance. Programs are built that can be used by several other applications. | Benefits of OOP |
| allows an object to extend its characteristics to another object. | Inheritance |
| Resilience to change with the use of polymorphism | Benefits of OOP |
| Ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. | Polymorphism |
| A ___ is a template or blueprint that defines an object’s attributes and operations. It serves as a design for creating objects. | Class |
| An ___ is an instance of a class that consumes memory and has a finite lifespan. It represents a specific realization of the class, containing actual values for the attributes defined by the class. | Object |
| Exists when an object contains a reference to another object. Referred to as the “has a” relationship. | Association |
| Referred to as the “kind of” or “is a” relationship. | Inheritance |
| The parent class from which properties are inherited by another class | superclass (base class) |
| a new class with properties taken from a parent class | subclass (derived class) |
| a well-encapsulated conceptual class. The objects of this class do not exist in real world | abstract class |
| ___ is a general-purpose notational language used for specifying and visualizing complex software, usually large object-oriented project. It uses several types of diagrams such as the case diagram, class diagram, and state chart diagram. | Unified Modeling Language (UML) |
| A ___ ___ is used to describe the attributes and behaviours of objects in the system. | Class Diagram |
| are the data contained in a class | Attributes |
| are the actions performed on that data | Operations |
| Public (+), Private (-), Protected (#) | Accessibility |
| + | Public |
| - | Private |
| # | Protected |
| ~ | Package |
| “ “ | no symbol indicates default access |
| “ “ | represents abstract class method |
| underline | represents static method or attribute |
| Customer -CustomerID: Long (Attributes) +Name: String (Attributes) +AddCustomer( ) [Save Operation – No parameters] +GetDetails(ID: Integer) [Load Operation – Integer parameter] -CheckValid( ): Boolean[CheckValid Operation – Boolean return value] | |
| declared either at the start or end of a class definition. These variables identify the data stored in the object. | Attributes |
| a method that is automatically executed when an object is created. This method is used to initialize the attributes. | Constructor |
| Standard Methods | used to change or access the private data in an object. |
| Mutator (Setter) | a method that is used to change the data. |
| Accessor (Getter) | a method that is used to access or retrieve data. |
| Custom Methods | implement the business rules for which the application is being developed. |
| Class Name Attributes<--attributes declaration Operations or Methods<--- constructor definition standard methods definition custom methods definition | |
| Define the ClassName <access> class <ClassName> { //codes here } | public class Student { //codes here… } |
| Declare the attributes <access> <datatype> <attributeName>; | private String Name; |
| Create constructor <access> <ClassName(args list)> { //code here } | public Student(){ this.name = ""; } |
| Create standard methods (setters) <access> <return type> setXxx(args list) { //codes here } | public setName(String newName){ this.name = newName; } |
| <access> <return type> getXxx (args list) { //codes here } | public getName(){ return this.name; } |
| Create custom methods Syntax: <access> <return type> <methodName(args list)> { //codes here } | public void displayName(){ System.out.println(this.name); } |
| contains a reference to the current object being constructed. It represents an instance of the class in which it appears. It can be used to access class variables and methods. | this (Keyword) |
| Variable: a variable that is only accessible within a class where it is declared. Method: a method that is only accessible within the class where it is declared. | private |
| Variable: a variable that is accessible from all classes. Method: a method that is accessible from all classes. | public |
| The ____ modifier is accessible only within the package. If you don't use any modifier, it is treated as default by ___. | default (no keyword) |
| The ___ access modifier is accessible within and outside the package but through inheritance only. It can be applied on the data member, method and constructor. It can't be applied on the class. | protected |
| Variable: used in defining a class variable. Method: used in defining a class method. | static |
| Class: a class that can never be sub-classed Variable: Constant Variable Method: a method that cannot be overridden. | final |
| variables stored in each object of a class, usually referred to as the non-static member fields of a class. | Instance Variables (non-static fields) |
| variables stored in the class and are available to all objects of a class or objects of other classes if access is permitted, usually referred to as the static members of the class. | Class Variables (static fields) |
| data used in a method. This data is temporary and does not exist once the method has completed execution. | Local Variables (method variables or local data) |
| The meaning of ___, is to make sure that "sensitive" data is hidden from users. To achieve this, you must: | Encapsulation |
| Declare class variables/attributes as private (only accessible within the same class) | Encapsulation |
| Provide public setter and getter methods to access and update the value of a private variable | Encapsulation |
| Private variables can only be accessed within the same class (an outside class has no access to it) However, it is possible to access them if we provide ___ ___ ___ and ___ ___methods. | Get and Set. public getter (accessor), setter (mutator) |
| The ___ method returns the variable value | Get |
| the ___ method sets the value. | Set |
| ___ (if you omit the set method) | read-only |
| ___ (if you omit the get method) | write-only |
| The programmer can change one part of the code without affecting other parts | Flexible |
| The technique of deriving new class definitions from an existing class definition. | Inheritance |
| Re-use of predefined and well-tested classes | benefits of using class inheritance in OOP |
| Standardization of behaviors across a group of classes | benefits of using class inheritance in OOP |
| Ability to use members of a family of classes interchangeably in methods | benefits of using class inheritance in OOP |
| is the class from which another class inherits properties. This is a class that is on top of a hierarchy. | Superclass |
| is a class that inherits all the non-private attributes and methods, except constructors from a superclass. This class has the ability to override methods of the superclass. | Subclass |
| Syntax for Implementing Inheritance: | public class Subclass extends Superclass{ } |
| Subclasses derived from a single superclass | Single Inheritance |
| Subclasses derived from a multiple superclass | Multiple Inheritance |
| Java ___ ___ support multiple inheritance, however, Java provides same effects and benefits of multiple inheritance through the use of interface. | does not |
| contains a reference to the parent class (superclass) object. It is used to access members of a class inherited by the class in which it appears. | Super |
| It explicitly call a constructor of its immediate superclass. A super constructor call in the constructor of a subclass will result in the execution of relevant constructor from the superclass, based on the arguments passed. | Super |
| OOP is a technique of solving a problem and breaking it down into smaller parts and solving each of the smaller problems. Group of answer choices false true | False |
| Which statement(s) best describes inheritance? | The child object inherits from its parent, adding specialized attributes and behavior When a child object inherits from its parent, only the additional attributes and behavior must be coded, which is one of the benefits of OOP. |
| How do I print out numbers on JAVA? Group of answer choices System.out.println(#); System.out.println('#'); System.out.println(false); System.out.println("#"); | System.out.println(false); |
| this can be used to refer current class instance variable. Group of answer choices true false | True |
| a method that is only accessible within the class where it is declared. Group of answer choices public method private method protected method | private method |
| _________– used to change or access the private data in an object. | Standard Methods |
| final Class: a class that can never be sub-classed Group of answer choices true false | True |
| In Encapsulation, Class variables can be made read-only or write-only false true | True |
| Encapsulation has poor control of class attributes and methods Group of answer choices true false | False |
| Which of the following is not an advantage to using inheritance? | One big superclass can be used instead of many little classes. |
| How many types of inheritance can be used at a time in a single program? Group of answer choices Any two types Any 4 types Any three types Any type, any number of times | Any type, any number of times |
| Members which are not intended to be inherited are declared as ________________ Group of answer choices Public members Private or Protected members Private members Protected members | Private members |
| If a derived class object is created, which constructor is called first? Group of answer choices Depends on how we call the object Base class constructor Not possible Derived class constructor | Base class constructor |
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