Question
click below
click below
Question
Normal Size Small Size show me how
post real test #3
Before midterm
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Functions of the kidneys include | maintain fluids and electrolyte balance & filter waste from blood & regulate blood pressure |
How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day | 1-2 liters |
T/F The left kidney is longer and narrower than the right | true |
For which habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level? | hyperstentic |
How much will kidneys drop from the supine to the upright position? | 2 inches |
The microscpoic componets of the parenchyma of the kidney are called | nephrons |
The cluster of blood capillaries contained within the capsules of a nephron is called the | glomerulus |
Which of the following as the filter for the blood in the kidney? | glomerulus |
The Cup shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts are called the | calyces |
Where do the Ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum | behind the peritoneum |
Which of the following serves as the reservoir for urine? | Urinary bladder |
How much fluid can the adult bladder hold? | 500mL |
Where do the ureters enter the bladder | posterior wall |
How long is the urethra in the female | 1 ½ inches |
The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein & taking radiographs of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed | IVU |
In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed | retrograde |
A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed | cystography |
For which of the following anatomical areas is the retrograde technique used | bladder, lower ureters, and urethra |
The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is | 50%-70% |
Which of the following is true regarding nonionic contrast media? | Cost is higher and less likely to cause a reaction |
The common reaction to contrast media include | Warmth and flushing |
Significant reaction to contrast media include | Nausea, vomiting, and edema of the respiratory mucous membrane |
The vast majority of all reactions to contrast media occur within how many minutes after injection? | 5 |
Preparation of the patient for an IVU includes | A light evening meal, a non-gas forming laxative, and NPO after midnight |
The exposure technique used for an IVU should have sufficient contrast and density to clearly demonstrate the | Outline of the kidneys, lower border of the liver, and the lateral margin of the psoas muscle |
Which of the following must be available during an IVU? | Radiologist and emergency cart |
Where is the compression applied during an IVU? | Distal ends of the ureters |
Compression should not be used during and IVU if the patient has | An aneurysm and A colostomy |
The respiration phase for all exposures made during an IVU is | Expiration |
Contraindications for IVU include | Anuria & renal failure |
Within how many minutes does contrast media appear in the pelviocalyceal system in | 2-8 minutes |
How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast media appear in the kidneys | 15-20 minutes |
The series of radiographs made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between | 3-20 minutes |
Where is the IR centered for all abdominal radiographs taken during examinations of the urinary system | Iliac crests |
What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projection of the urinary system? | 0 degrees |
How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projections of the urinary system? | 30 degrees |
Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system? | The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid |
Which decubitus position is commonly used during an IVU examination to demonstrate the ureteropelvic junction? | Dorsal decubitus |
Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography? | The ureters must be catheterized, provides little physiologic information, and contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system |
Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram? | Retrograde filling technique |
Which of the following projections is used during a cystogram? | AP, AP oblique, and Lateral |
What size IR and which position is used for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? | 24 x 30 cm lengthwise |
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? | 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis |
How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram? | 40 to 60 degrees |
Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram? | The midcoronal plane |
What is the essential projection used for a cystourethrogram on a male patient? | AP oblique |
Where is the IR centered for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram? | Superior border of the pubic symphysis |
How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection during a male or female cystourethrogram? | 35 to 40 degrees |
How is the central ray positioned to free the bladder neck of superimposition during a female cystourethrogram? | 5 degrees caudad |
The urinary system includes which of the following? | Urethra and two kidneys |
The two kidneys lie | behind the peritoneum |
The concave medial border of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter exit is called the | Hilum |
The muscoal folds on the inside of the urinary bladder are called | Rugae |
The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is | IVU |
The radiographic examination of the urethra is called | Cystourethrography |
The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned | at the level of the iliac crest |
Which projection will demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys during intravenous urography? | AP |
Which position may be helpful to demonstrate the lower ureters? | Trendlenburg’s 15 to 20 degrees |
Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR? | Ap oblique, RPO |
The respiration phase for radiographs made during intravenous urography is | Suspended expiration |
Which of the following is considered an operative examination? | Retrograde urography |
What is the central-ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder? | 10 to 15 degrees caudad |
What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder? | 10 to 15 degrees cephalad |