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AP Gov Key Terms II
Kemp
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Block grants | Federal grants given to states or local governments with broad discretion on how to allocate funds, often used for specific policy areas such as healthcare or education |
| Categorical grants | Federal grants given to states or local governments for specific purposes, with restrictions on how the funds can be spend, ensuring they are used for designated programs or projects |
| Commerce clause | A clause Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution granting Congress the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, often used to justify federal regulation of economic activity |
| Concurrent powers | Powers shared by both the federal government and state governments, such as the power to tax and establish courts, allowing for cooperation and coordination between levels of government |
| Cooperative federalism | A model of federalism in which the federal and state government work together to address policy issues and share responsibilities, often involving overlapping jurisdiction and collaboration on programs and initiatives |
| Devolution | The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to state or local governments, often with the aim of decentralizing authority and increasing efficiency and flexibility in governance |
| Dual federalism | A model of federalism in which the powers and responsibilities of the federal and state governments are clearly delineated and distinct, with each level of government operating within its own sphere of authority |
| Federal system | A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, with each level having its own sphere f authority |
| Full faith and credit clause | A clause in Article IV of the US Constitution require states to recognize and respect the public ac to records, and judicial decisions of ther states |
| General revenue sharing | A policy by which the federal government provides funds to state and local governments with few restrictions on how the money is peent, allowing recipient governments flexibility in allocating resources according to their own priorities |
| Grants in aid | Financial assistance provided by the federal government to state or local governments for specific purposes, often accompanied by conditions or requirements regarding how the funds are to be used |
| Necessary and proper clause | Known as the elastic clause, it grants Congress the authority to pass laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers, providing flexibility in legislative authority |
| New Federalism | A political philosophy and approach to federal-state relations that seeks to decentralize power and shift authority and responsibility from the federal government to state & local governments, emphasizing greater autonomy and flexibility at the states |
| Police power | The authority of state governments to enact laws and regulations to promote public health, safety, and welfare, including regulations related to law enforcement, public health, and zoning |
| Preemption | The principle that federal law takes precedence over conflicting state or local laws in areas where the federal government has asserted ties authority, as established by the supremacy clause of the Constitution |
| Privileges and immunities clause | A clause in Article IV of the US Constitution prohibiting states from discriminating against citizens of other states, ensuring that citizens enjoy certain rights and protections regardless of their state of residence |
| Reserved powers | Powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution nor prohibited to the states, and therefore reserved for the states or the people, as articulated in the 10th Amendment |
| Supremacy Clause | A clause in Article VI of the US Constitution stating that federal law takes precedence over state law, and that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land |
| States’ rights | The principle that states retain significant authority and autonomy in governing their own affairs, seperate from the authority of the federal government, as outlined in the 10th Amendment. Argue for limitation of federal intervention |
| Unfunded mandates | Requirements imposed by the federal government on state or local governments without provided the. Necessary funding to implement them. Criticized for undermining state and loca autonomy and straining their budgets |
| Unitary system | A system of government in which sovereignty and authority are concentrated at the national or central level, with subordinate governments, such as states or provinces, having limited powers delegated from the central government. |
Created by:
MCinque