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Unit 14

Vocabulary for Chemistry

TermDefinition
Alpha Particle A positively charged particle, indistinguishable from a helium atom nucleus and consisting of two protons and two neutrons
Beta Particle A high-speed electron or positron, especially one emitted in radioactive decay.
gamma ray Electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive decay and having energies in a range from ten thousand to ten milion volts
fission A nuclear reaction in which an atomic necleus, especially a heavy nucleus such as an isotope of uranium, splits into fragments, usually two fragments of comparable mass, releasing from 100 million to several hundred million electron volts of energy.
fusion A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
isotope One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers, due to a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
nuclear reactor Any of several devices in which a chain reaction is initiated and controlled, with the resulting heat typically used for power generation and the neutron and fission products used for military, experimental, and medical purposes
radioactivity spontaneous emission of radiation, either directly from unstable atomic nuclei or as a consequence of a nuclear reaction
artificial transmutation an artificially induced nuclear reaction caused by the bombardment of a nucleus with subatomic particles or small nuclei
bombardment the act of subjecting a body or substance to the impact of high-energy particles
nucleon a proton or a neutron, especially as part of an atomic nucleus
half-life The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of a specific isotope species to undergo radioactive decay.
particle accelerator a device, such as a cyclotron or linear accelerator, that acceslerates charged subatomic particles or nuclei to high energies.
Created by: ii_UnkownWaterz
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