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Post real test 2
before midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? | A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side |
| The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the _____________. | Cardiac antrum |
| The stomach wall is composed of how many layers? | 4 |
| The muscular opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the _______________. | Pyloric sphincter |
| For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? | Hypersthenic |
| Functions of the stomach include__________________. | Storage of food and food is chemically broken down |
| What is the length of the average adult small intestine? | 22 feet |
| The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats? | 4 |
| The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? | 3 |
| The widest portion of the small bowel is the ____________. | Duodenum |
| The most distal portion of the small intestine is the ____________. | ileum |
| The main functions of the small bowel are _____________. | Digestion of food and absorption of food |
| What is the length of the large intestine? | 5 feet |
| The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers? | 4 |
| The main functions of the large intestine are? | Reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waster products |
| The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the _____________. | Cecum |
| The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the ____________. | ileocecal valve |
| The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called ______________. | Peristalsis |
| Which of the following contrast mediums are used for examination of the gastrointestinal tract? | Air, barium sulfate, and water-soluble iodinated solution |
| The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is ______________. | Barium sulfate |
| What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and small intestines? | Expiration |
| What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? | PA, RAO |
| What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? | 35-40 degrees |
| Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the esophagus? | Ventricles are better filled and more complete contrast filling especially proximal part |
| Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series? | AP or PA, Lateral, and PA oblique |
| Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus? | Midcoronal plane |
| Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices? | Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out |
| Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination? | 8 |
| Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the stomach? | Small lesions are not obscured and the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized |
| Which drug may be given to the patient before a double contrast examination of the stomach to relax the GI tract? | Glucagon |
| A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 24x30 cm IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? | A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen |
| At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum? | L-1/L-2 |
| How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach? | 3-6 inches |
| A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 35 x 43 cm IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? | The midsagittal plane |
| Which of the following are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum? | AP projection, LPO and PA projection, RAO |
| How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? | 40-70 degrees |
| The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus? | Hypersthenic |
| Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? | PA oblique, RAO |
| The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiograph ranges from ___________. | 30-60 degrees |
| Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? | AP oblique, LPO |
| Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? | Lateral |
| Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? | AP, Trendelenburg position |
| The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is ________________. | Food and fluid withheld after the evening meal and no breakfast |
| The first small intestine radiograph is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium? | 15 minutes |
| Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? | AP and PA |
| Where is the IR centered for radiographs of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking barium? | 2 inches above the iliac crests |
| Where is the IR centered for delayed radiographs of the small intestine? | Level of the iliac crests |
| Which of the following examination requires the use of time markers on the radiographs? | Small intestine |
| Methods of radiographically examining the colon include _______________. | Single contrast and double contrast |
| Preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon includes ________________. | Laxatives, dietary restrictions, and cleansing enema |
| What is the CR angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? | 30-40 degree caudad |
| The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is ____________________. | 35-45 degree |
| At which plane is the CR positioned for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is _______________. | A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side |
| Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? | PA oblqiue, RAO |
| Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? | PA oblique, LAO |
| At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? | ASIS |
| Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? | Midcoronal plane |
| The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is _____________. | 35-45 degrees |
| Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? | AP oblique, LPO and PA oblique, RAO |
| Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? | PA oblique, LAO and AP oblique, RPO |
| Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? | iliac crests |
| The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is __________________. | Enterostomy |
| The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the ____________. | Rugae |
| The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the ________________. | Pyloric orifice |
| The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called _______________. | Villi |
| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the ____________. | Hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the _____________________. | Greater duodenal papilla |
| The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the __________________. | Duodenojejunal flexure |
| The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the _______________. | Cecum |
| The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the ________________. | Right colic flexure |
| For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen? | Asthenic |
| For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at _______________. | The level of the mouth |
| The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the ________________. | Stomach contour and duodenal bulb |
| How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination? | 3 1/2 to 4 inches |
| The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection? | PA or AP |
| Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portions of the colon? | Lateral, ventral decubitus |
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