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Chapter 1
Drugs & Definitions
| Term | Definition | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Drug | chemicals that act on living systems at the molecular level. | ||
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. | ||
| Pharmacodynamics | the study of the action of drugs on living organisms . | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | the study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. | ||
| Brand (trade) name | the manufacturer's name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol.). | ||
| Generic name | name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized (e.g., diazepam for Vazepam, acetaminophen for Tylenol). Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand name drugs. | ||
| Contraindications | medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable. | ||
| Synergism | getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet). | ||
| Tolerance | decreased effect of a drug over time with the patient needing larger doses to achieve the same effect. | ||
| Toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues. | ||
| Therapeutic effect | desired effect of a drugs. | ||
| Efficacy | is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug. | ||
| Chemically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards. | ||
| Biologically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues. | ||
| Therapeutically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug prove to have equal therapeutic effects. | ||
| Orphan drugs | drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions. | ||
| qd (qua que) | once a day. | ||
| bid (bis in die) | twice a day. | ||
| tid (ter in die) | 3 times a day. | ||
| qid (quarter in die) | 4 times a day. | ||
| pc (post cebum) | after meals. | ||
| ac (ante cebum) | before meals. | ||
| po (per os) | by mouth. | ||
| prn (pro re nata) | as needed. | ||
| hs (hora somni) | at bedtime. | ||
| Schedule: I | Abuse Potential: Highest | Ex: Heroin, LSD, marijuana, hallucinogens. | Handling: No accepted medical use, only in research. |
| Schedule: II | Abuse Potential: Moderate | Ex: Oxycodone, morphine, amphetamine, secobarbital, hydrocodone immediate-release (alone or in combination with ibuprofen or acetaminophen), hydrocodone extended-release. | Handling: Written prescription with provider's signature only; no refills. Some states allow for the electronic prescribing only for Schedule II drugs. |
| Schedule: III | Abuse Potential: Moderate | Ex: Codeine mixture (Tylenol #3). | Handling: Prescriptions may be faxed or sent electronically to the pharmacy; no more than five prescriptions in 6 months. |
| Schedule: IV | Abuse Potential: Less | Ex: Diazepam (Valium), tramadol (Ultram). | Handling: Prescriptions may be faxed or sent electronically to the pharmacy; no more than five prescriptions in 6 months. |
| Schedule: V | Abuse Potential: Least | Ex: Some codeine-containing cough syrups. | Handling: Can be bought over-the-counter in some states. |
Created by:
anna.meza