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Microbiology
Ch 6/7 Tbank
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by | fungi. |
| Fungi are free-living ? organisms. | heterotrophic |
| Fungi that help the roots of plants to absorb minerals and water from the soil are | mycorrhizae. |
| A dimorphic fungus growing as a mold prefers what temperature? | 25° C |
| Conidiospores that bud off from a vase-shaped spore-bearing cell are referred to as | phialospores. |
| The mold responsible for the production of penicillin belongs to the subgroup of | Ascomycota. |
| The so-called “red tide” is generally caused by which of the following organisms? | Dinoflagellates |
| Algae that contain agar in their cell walls belong to | Rhodophyta. |
| Diatoms, major components of marine phytoplankton, belong to | Chrysophyta |
| Brown algae are commonly referred to as | Phaeophyta. |
| Which of the following microorganisms require a moist environment to survive and most often live in ponds, streams, lakes, and oceans? | Protozoans |
| The process by which the nucleus of protozoans undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides is called | schizogony |
| The eukaryotes known for the presence of a macronucleus and a micronucleus are | protozoans. |
| Plasmodium is a type of | protozoan. |
| Toxoplasma gondii belongs to which group of eukaryotic organisms? | Protozoans |
| A scolex is a structure found in | helminths. |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| Organisms that can grow on substances with very low moisture content are | fungi. |
| The protozoan that lacks a cyst stage and therefore must be transferred quickly from host to host is | Trichomonas vaginalis. |
| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? | Helminths |
| The study of fungi is called | mycology |
| The vegetative structure of algae is referred to as a | thallus |
| Fungi growing on the surface of the skin or hair may cause infections called ? mycoses. | superficial |
| The fungal saclike structure that contains sporangiospores is called a(n) | sporangium |
| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) | mitosome |
| Slime molds have both fungal and ? characteristics. | amoebal |
| Masses of protoplasm containing thousands of nuclei are characteristic of a(n) | plasmodial slime mold/ plasmodium |
| The common name for nematodes is | roundworms |
| The life cycle of a parasitic helminth ends with an adult parasite that is found in the ? host. | definitive |
| Trematodes are commonly called | flukes |
| A collective mass of threadlike hyphae | Mycelium |
| Hyphae that do not contain septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei | Coenocytic |
| Have a cell wall containing ergosterol | Fungi |
| Result of asexual reproduction of fungi | Sporangia |
| Conidiospores that bud from a parent cell | Blastospore |
| Decontamination is defined as the | reduction or removal of unwanted chemical or biological agents. |
| Which of the following has a higher resistance to environmental stresses than the others? | Bacterial endospores |
| The cleaning of glassware and tableware in restaurants falls into the category of | sanitization. |
| Which of the following methods is the simplest heat-related method to sterilize metal? | Direct flaming |
| Boiling items in water for ? minutes will kill most vegetative bacteria and viruses. | 10-15 |
| The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other cells is | lyophilization. |
| Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except: a. UV light b. Gamma rays c. Electron beams d. X-rays | a. UV light |
| The term “zone of inhibition” is used in which of the following procedures? | Disk-diffusion test |
| Chlorine belongs to which of the following chemical groups? | Halogens |
| All of the following are methods for food preservation except: a. Pasteurization b. Disinfection c. Irradiation d. Ultrahigh-temperature pasteurization | b. Disinfection |
| The time in minutes in which 90% of the bacterial population will be killed at a given temperature is called the | decimal reduction time. |
| The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed, but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced, is called | pasteurization. |
| A toxic, odorless gas often used as a sterilizing agent in hospitals and dental officials is | ethylene oxide. |
| Autoclaving will usually destroy/inactivate all fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores but will not necessarily eliminate | prions. |
| The effects of different kinds of radiation depend on the following factors: | Time of exposure, wavelength |
| The destruction of vegetative organisms by chemical or physical methods is called | disinfection |
| The term to describe an agent that causes microbial growth to be inhibited, thus preventing further growth is | microbiostatic |
| The lowest temperature by which all microorganisms in a particular liquid will be killed within 10 minutes is the | thermal death point |
| . Antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues are referred to as | antiseptics |
| Agents that kill microbes are classified as | microbicidal |
| Food irradiation destroys the ? of the cell. | DNA |
| The autoclave uses pressurized steam at approximately ? ° C and ? psi. | 121° C, 15 psi |
| The two types of pasteurization typically used today are ? and ? | high temperature short time, ultrahigh temperature (extremely short time) |
| High salt or sugar content/concentrations make use of to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. | osmotic pressure |
| Sterilization using dry heat requires a temperature of ?° C for a period of ? | 160-170° C, 2-4 hours |
| The bioassay method for testing the effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics on microorganisms is the | use-dilution test. |
| Bacteria that thrive in extremely dry conditions are classified as | xerophiles |
| Phenolic compound | Triclosan |
| Irradiation | Damage to DNA |
| Cationic detergent | Quaternary compounds |
| Alkylating agent | Aldehydes |
| Halogen | Iodine |
Created by:
Amee E