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Chem 1 Exam 1
Pugh Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the charge of the Ammonium Cation? | NH₄⁺ |
| What is the charge of the Hydronium Cation? | H₃O⁺ |
| What is the charge of the Acetate Anion? | C2H3O2- |
| What is the charge of the Cyanide Anion? | CN− |
| What is the charge of the Hydroxide Anion? | OH¯ |
| What is the charge of the Hypochlorite Anion? | ClO⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Chlorite Anion? | ClO2⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Chlorate Anion? | ClO3⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Perchlorate Anion? | ClO4⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Nitrite Anion? | NO2− |
| What is the charge of the Nitrate Anion? | NO3− |
| What is the charge of the Permangate Anion? | MnO4- |
| What is the charge of the Carbonate Anion? | CO₃²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Hydrogen Carbonate Anion? | HCO₃⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Chromate Anion? | CrO₄²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Dichromate Anion? | Cr2O7²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Peroxide Anion? | H2O2²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Phosphate Anion? | PO₄³⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Hydrogen Phosphate? | HPO₄²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Dihydrogen Phosphate Anion? | H2PO₄⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Sulfite Anion? | SO3²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Sulfate Anion? | SO4²⁻ |
| What is the charge of the Hydrogen Sulfate? | HSO4⁻ |
| When doing multiplication/division, how do you figure the amount of Sig Figs to include? | Use the lowest amount of sig figs in the equation for the answer. |
| When doing addition/subtraction, how do you figure the amount of Sig Figs to include? | Use the lowest amount of decimal places to amount the digits. |
| What are the three states of matter? | Solid, Liquid, and Gas |
| What are the three compositions of matter? | Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures |
| What is an Element? | The simplest way atoms can be arranged. |
| What is a Compound? | When two groups of elements are bonded together. |
| What is a Mixture? | A mixture of separate substances. (Coffee or Cereal) |
| What are the seven Diatomic Molecules? | O₂, N₂, H₂, F₂, Br₂, I₂, Cl₂ |
| What is a Homogenous Mixture? | A mixture of substances not easily separated. (Coffee, Rain, Wine) |
| What is a Heterogenous Mixture? | A mixture of substances easily separated. (Cereal, Soil, Blood) |
| What is the method of straining? | Separating different elements by physically straining them. Separates into filtrate and residue. |
| What is the method of Distillation? | Separating different elements based on their differing boiling points. |
| What is the method of Chromatography? | Separating elements onto a paper by putting them onto a liquid mixture and seeing how the elements move. |
| What are examples of physical properties? | Color, Texture, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Density, Luster, and State of Matter |
| What are examples of chemical properties? | Toxicity, pH, Corrosiveness, Radioactivity, Reactivity, and Flammability |
| How can you know if a chemical reaction is happening? | Bubbles (Gas Evolution), Temperature change, Precipitation (Solid Formation), and Color change |
| What does Endothermic mean? | Heat gain |
| What does Exothermic mean? | Heat loss |
| What does Sublimation mean? | Solid -> Gas |
| What does Deposition mean? | Gas -> Solid |
| What are Extensive properties? | Properties that are dependent on the amount of mass. (Weight, Mass, and Size) |
| What are Intensive properties? | Properties that are independent on the amount of mass. (Boiling point, and Temp) |
| What is Potential Energy? | Energy due to the position of the object. |
| What is Kinetic Energy? | Energy due to the movement of the object. |
| What is the equation for Total Energy? | Total Energy = Potential + Kinetic |
| What is Energy? | Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. |
| What is Temperature? | The measurement of the hotness to coldness of an object. |
| What are the units of Temperature used for? | Kelvin (Gas), Celsius (Everything Else), Temperature (Weather) |
| What is the conversion rate for C to K? | K=C+273.15 C=K-273.15 |
| What is the conversion rate for F to C? | F=(1.8(C))+32 C=((F)-32)/1.8 |
| What is the equation for Density? | Mass/Volume |
| What is the Meter to Yard to Foot conversion? | 1M = 1.0936 Yards = 3.280 Ft |
| What is the Kilogram to Pound conversion? | 1Kg = 2.2 Lbs |
| What is the Liter to Gallon conversion? | 1L = 0.264 Gal |
| What is the Kilometer to Mile conversion? | 1Km = 0.621 Mi |
| What does the prefix Kilo- mean? | 10^3 (1,000) |
| What does the prefix Centi- mean? | 10^-2 (0.01) |
| What does the prefix Milli- mean? | 10^-3 (0.001) |
| What does the prefix Micro- mean? | 10^-6 (0.000001) |
| What does the prefix Nano- mean? | 10^-9 (0.00000001) |
| What is the SI unit for Volume? | Cubic Meter (M^3) |
| What is the in-between measure of Volume? | 1 Liter (L) = 1 cubic decimeter (dm3) |
| What is the smallest measure of Volume? | 1 Milliliter (mL) = 1 cubic centimeter (cm3) |
| What is the definition of Precision? | Measure of how closely individual measurements agree with each other. |
| What is the definition of Accuracy? | Refers to how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or "true" value. |
| What are Significant Figures? | Numbers in which the certain digits and the first uncertain digit are recorded. (The more of these, the more precise the measurement) |
| What is the Density of Water? | 1 |
| What are Exact Numbers? | Counted or defined numbers. (No uncertainty) |
| What are Inexact Numbers? | Numbers derived from measurements. |
| What are Leading Zeros? | Zeros that precede all non-zero digits. |
| What are Captive Zeros? | Zeros that exist in-between non-zero digits. |
| What are Non-Zero Digits? | Non-zero digits that exist in a significant figure. These are the implied numbers for when counting sig figs. |
| What are Trailing Zeros? | Zeros that follow all non-zero digits. |
| What is the SI unit for length? | Meter (M) |
| What is the SI unit for mass? | Kilogram (Kg) |
| What is the SI unit for temperature? | Kelvin (K) |
| What is the SI unit for time? | Seconds (sec/s) |
| What is the SI unit for an amount of a substance? | Mole (mol) |
| What is the SI unit for an electric current? | Ampere (amp/a) |
| What is the lowest possible temperature through Kelvin (K)? | Absolute Zero; No atomic movement |
| What is the Liter to Milliliter conversion? | 1 L = 1000 mL |
| What is the Meter to Centimeter conversion? | 1 M = 100 cm |
| What is the Inches to Centimeter conversion? | 1 in = 2.54 cm |
| What is the rule for rounding of Sig Figs? Is there an exception for this rule? | Round if the digit removed is more than 5. The only exception to this rule is if the digit followed by the 5 is a 0 or with no digits. The number then only increases its preceding number is odd. |
| What are the rows of the Periodic Table called? How many are there? | They are called Periods; There are seven |
| What are the columns of the Periodic Table called? How many are there? | They are called Groups; There are eighteen |
| What is group A called? | Main Group Elements |
| What is Group B called? | Transition Elements |
| What is the whole number in an element block? | Atomic Number |
| What is the letter symbol in an element block? | Atomic Symbol |
| What is the (normally) decimoled number in an element block? | Atomic Weight |
| What is the right side of the periodic table (3A-8A) called? | Nonmetals |
| What is the left side of the periodic table (1A-2A) called? | Metals |
| What are the seven Metalloids? | Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium |
| What is the name and properties of 1A in the periodic table? | Alkali Metals; Soft solids, low melting point, react violently with water, oxygen and other non-metals |
| What is the name and properties of 2A in the periodic table? | Alkali Earth Metals; Much harder, moderately reactive, combine with O2 to form oxides, Ca, Mg most abundant |
| What is the name and properties of 7A in the periodic table? | Halogen; React with metals to form salts, diatomic molecules, toxic and lethal |
| What is the name and properties of 8A in the periodic table? | Nobel Gases; Gases, colorless and odorless, unreactive, 1% of earths gases |
| What are the 3 atomic theories created by John Dalton in the 1800s? | 1. Law of Constant Composition 2. Law of Conservation of Mass 3. Law of Multiple Proportions |
| Who initialized the idea of atoms as an idea? | Democritus |
| Who created the Law of Conservation of Mass? | Antoine Lavoisier |
| Who created the Law of Definite (or Constant) Composition? | Joseph Proust |
| What did Dalton's Atomic Theory compose of? | |
| What is the Law of Multiple Proportions? | The mass of a second element in compounds are in ratios in whole numbers. |
| Who did the Cathode Rays experiment? What was founded from this? | J.J. Thomson; The electron and its polarity (Also the Plum Pudding Model) |
| Who did the Oil Drop experiment? What was founded from this? | Robert Millikan; Experiment helped to determine the charge on an electron and the equation for it |
| Who first observed Radioactivity? Who also studied certain isolated elements? | Henri Becquerel was first; Marie and Pierre Curie studied Polonium and Radium |
| What kind of particles/rays of radioactivity were discovered? By who? | Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays; Earnest Rutherford |
| Who did the Gold Foil Experiment? What was the outcome of this experiment? | Earnest Rutherford; Charges confirmed in the atom, new model of atom discovered. |
| Who discovered the neutron? | James Chadwick |
| What are facts about the modern view of the atom? | 1. Most of the atom is space 2. Protons and Neutrons exist in the nucleus while electrons are located outside 3. Atoms consist of (-), (+) and (/) entities 4. Atoms are very small |
| What is the conversion rate from amu to g? | 1 amu = 1.66054×10-24 g |
| What is the equation for figuring isotopic percentages in a mixture? | Atomic Weight = Sum of (fractional abundance)(isotope mass) |
| What is a Cation? | When an atom or molecule loses an electron and becomes positively charged. |
| What is a Anion? | When an atom or molecule loses an electron and becomes positively charged. |
| What is a Polyatomic Ion? | Two or more atoms covalently bonded together and has an overall charge. (These do not split apart and will remain together) |
| What is an Ionic Compound? | Metal and Nonmetal compounds which are electrically neutral, attract each other by electrostatic forces. |
| What is a Crystal Lattice? | When ions in an ionic compound are surrounded by each other into a small cube shape. |
| What is a Molecule? | Consisting of two or more atoms bonded by the sharing of electrons |
| What is Electronegativity? | Ability of the element to attract electrons |
| What is Avogadro's Number? What is it's abbreviation? | 6.022 x 10^23 (= 1 mol); N |
| What is the conversion factor when taking Mols to/from Grams? | g/mol |
| What is Empirical Formula? | The simplest way to show a chemical equation. (H2O2 -> HO) |
| What is Molecular Formula? | The actual molecular equation for an element or compound. (H2O2 -> H2O2) |
| What is the Empirical Formula Poem? | 1. % to Mass (grams) 2. Mass(grams) to Moles 3. Divide by the smallest 4. Times to Whole! |
| What is the transition rate for Molecular Formula to Empirical Formula? | Molecular Formula = Empirical Formula × (n) |
| What is Combustion Analysis? | A method used to determine the elemental composition of a pure organic compound by combusting the sample under conditions where the resulting combustion products can be quantitatively analyzed. |
Created by:
Rotten
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