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physics cset
cset multi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolute zero | the lowest possible temperature, equal to 0 degrees K, -273 degrees C or -459 degrees F |
| buoyancy | the upward force on an object immersed in a fluid |
| calorie | a unit of measurement of energy; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water |
| capillarity | the ability of liquids to rise in very thin tubes |
| centrifugal | toward the perimeter |
| centripetal | toward the center |
| chain reaction | occurs when the fission of one atom causes the fission of other atoms |
| conduction | transfer of heat or electricity |
| conservation of energy | energy may be changed from form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| density | mass per unit volume |
| doppler effect | the apparent change of pitch due to differing motions of the sounding source and a listener |
| electric current | the flow of electrons; a direct current (DC) flows in one direction, while an alternating current (AC) periodically reverses the direction of flow |
| energy | the ability to perform work; kinetic energy is due to a body's motion, whereas potential energy is due to a body's position |
| fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into several lighter nuclei |
| fusion | nuclear fusion is the union of atomic nuclei to a heavier nucleus |
| gravitation | the attraction of bodies because of their masses |
| half-life | the time required for the radioactivity of a substance to drop to half its original level |
| heat | kinetic energy of molecular motion |
| hypothesis | a tentative explanation of a phenomenon |
| inertia | the ability of a body to resist acceleration and continue at rest or moving with uniform velocity |
| mass | the quanity of matter; the measure of inertia |
| momentum | the product of mass and velocity; the conservation of momentum is a fundamental law of nature |
| photon | a particle of light energy |
| pitch | the frequency of a sound wave |
| prism | a triangular piece of glass used to disperse white light into a spectrum |
| radioactivity | the spontaneous decay of an atomic nucleus with the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays |
| refraction | the bending of a light wave at the boundary between two substances |
| relativity | the principle that the laws of physics are the same for any two observers, whatever their relative motion |
| spectrum | the band of colors from the dispersal of white light; |
| electromagnetic spectrum | is the total range of frequencies for electromagnetic waves, including radio and light waves |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of a group of molecules; it determines the direction of heat flow |
| thermodynamics | the study of heat energy |
| volt | a unit of measurement of electrical potential; the amount of work necessary to move the charge |
| watt | a unit of measurement of electrical power, the rate at which electrical energy is dissipated |
| weightlessness | a condition where accelerating forces precisely offset one another |
| work | the product of force and distance; it measures the action performed on an object |
| physics | the most basic and most general of the natural sciences; covers subjects from matter to energy in the most general way |
| scientific method | requires observation, conjecture, calculation, prediction and testing |
| measurement | the beginning of scientific wisdom |
| basic units of the metric system | length, volume, mass, meter, liter and gram |
| motion | described by stating an object's position, velocity and acceleration. |
| velocity | the rate of change of position with time |
| acceleration | the rate of change of velocity with time |
| Newton's laws | relate the motion of an object to the forces acting upon the |
| law of inertia | asserts that in the absence of any force, a body at rest will continue at rest, while another body moving in a straight line will continueto move in that direction with uniform speed. Any change of speed or direction must be due to a force |
| law of acceleration | states that a body acted on by a force will undergo acceleration proportional to the force |
| law of reaction (Newton) | says that every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| gravitation | is familiar to us through weight, which is direction proportional to mass |
| potential energy | for the position could be converted into movement |
| thermal energy | heat can be converted to motion and motion can produce heat |
| electricity and magnetism | forms of energy, for they can be converted into heat and motion |
| law of conservation of energy | states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed |
| sound | is produced by the mechanical disturbance of a gas, liquid, or solid |
| electricity | exists where the number of negative electrons does not precisely equal the number of positive protons |
| magnetism | is displayed by permanent magnets and around electric currents |
| light | seems to travel in perfectly straight lines as ray |
| nuclear energy | has been obtained by two different means, fission and fusion |
| Quantum theory | originated when Max Planck discovered that the radiation of energy from a heated body occurs only in integral multiples of a small quanitity (1901). |
| quantum | is the product of the frequency of radiation f and the universal constant h, now known as Plancks's constant |
| photoelectric effect | light induces an electric current in metals, suggests that light acts as particles of energy called photons |
| uncertainty principle | it is impossible to determine the exact position and momentum of a particle |
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