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APES UNIT 2
AP environment science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetic Diversity | Variance of genes or traits found within individual of a population |
| Species Diversity | Diversity of different types of organisms found in an ecosystem |
| Species evenness | How similar the population sizes of the different species in an ecosystem |
| Ecosystem services | Things natural ecosystems do that have financial value to humans |
| Provisioning Services | Things directly provided to us by nature |
| Supporting Services | Natural ecosystems regulate climate/air quality, reducing storm damage & healthcare costs |
| Regulating Services | Natural ecosystems support processes we do ourselves, making them cheaper & easier(bees pollinate crops). Ecosystems stabilize climate or other conditions |
| Cultural Services | Money generate by recreation (parks, camping, tours) or scientific knowledge |
| Ecological Tolerance | Range of conditions that an organism can tolerate before death or serious injury happens |
| Optimal Range | Range of an environmental condition where an organism can survive, grow, and reproduce |
| Zone of physiological stress | Range of an environment condition where an organism can survive, bt suffers stress such as stunted growth or reproductive issues |
| Zone of intolerance | Range of an environmental condition where organisms can not survive |
| Periodic Events | Happens with a regular frequency |
| Episodic Events | Less regular than periodic events, but occur with some frequency |
| Random Events | Occur with no regularity |
| Adaptation | Genetic mutation that increases an organisms chances of survival and reproduction |
| Primary Succession | Occurs in an area that hasn’t previously been colonized by plants |
| Keystone Species | A species so important to an ecosystem that its removal causes high ecosystem instability or even collapse |
| Genetic Biodiversity | how different the genes are of individuals within a population (group of the same species) |
| Species Richness | the total number of different species found in an ecosystem |
| Slash-and-burn | Cutting down trees and burning the land to stop seeds from growing |
| Provisioning Services | Goods taken directly from ecosystems or made from natural resources |
| Endemic Species | plant and animal species that are found in a particular geographical region and nowhere else in the world |
| Background Extinction | Gradual process of a species becoming extinct |
| Natural Disturbances | A natural event that disrupts the structure and or function of an ecosystem |
| Natural Selection | organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more offspring |
| Invasive Species | Species not native to an area |
| r selected and generalist species | More likely to be invasive. Highly adaptable, Easily thrives, Diverse habitat and food needs |
| Specialist Species | Less likely to move to a new habitat, Does not adapt to new conditions, disadvantaged by changing environments. |
| Secondary Succession | Occurs in an area that already has established soil, but has had most plant life removed by a disturbance |
| Pioneer or early succession species | appear first, when the ground is simply bare rock, or bare soil after a disturbance |
| Mid-successional species | appear after pioneer species have helped develop deeper soil with more nutrients by their cycles of growth/death |
| Late successional or climax community species | appear last, after soil is deepened and enriched with nutrients by cycles of growth and death by early & mid successional species |
| HIPPCO | Habitat Loss, Invasive Species, Population Growth, Pollution, Climate Change, Over Exploitation |
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gmduval1247