The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change the Earth's surface

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances

mechanical weathering

The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.

Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.

A chemical with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust

Characteristics of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily

The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.

Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.

Dark-colored organic material in soil

A measure of how well soil supports plant growth

Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sound, and silt

A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it

The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter).

The layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals

An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water

Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use

The management of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it

The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility

Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.

Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground

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Rocks and Weathering

Term	Definition
uniformitarianism	The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change the Earth's surface
erosion	The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
weathering	The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances
mechanical weathering	The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
chemical weathering	The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
abrasion	The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
frost wedging	Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
oxidation	A chemical with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
permeable	Characteristics of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily
soil	The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
bedrock	Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.
humus	Dark-colored organic material in soil
fertility	A measure of how well soil supports plant growth
loam	Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sound, and silt
pH scale	A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
soil horizon	A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
topsoil	The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter).
subsoil	The layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals
decomposer	An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water
natural resource	Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use
soil conservation	The management of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
crop rotation	The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility
contour plowing	Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
conservation plowing	Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground

Created by: lcaluag

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