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Worksheet 2
Valence electrons, Ionic bonding,Covalent bonding, chemical reactions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electron orbital | a space where specific pair of electrons can be found. |
| Electron shell. | electrons occupying the valence shell. |
| Valence shell | The outermost shell in any atom which contains electrons. |
| how is the 1st valence shell stabilized? | 2 valence electron |
| How is the 2nd shell stabilized? | 8 valence electron |
| how is the 3rd valence shell stabilized? | 8 valence electrons |
| Valence shells that are open leads to atoms being more____what reaction? | reactive. |
| open shells can become closed by? | (1) taking valence electrons from another atom (2) giving valence electrons to another atom (3) sharing valence electrons with another atom. |
| Molecule | a more or less stable grouping of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Ion | an atom that has an electrical charge. |
| Cation | positively charged ion |
| anion | A negatively charged ion |
| How does an ion form? | When atom gain or lose electrons |
| Define ionic bond | attraction between a positively and a negatively charged ions. |
| Bicarbonate ion | HCO[3]down |
| calcium ion | Ca[2+]up |
| chloride | Cl- |
| hydrogen ion | H+ |
| hydroxide ion | OH- |
| Magnesium ion | Mg2+ |
| phosphate ion | PO[4]down[3-]up |
| Potassium | K+ |
| sodium | Na+ |
| covalent bond | attraction between two atoms resulting from sharing valence electrons. |
| polar covalent bond | a result of unequal valence electron sharing. |
| non polar covalent bonding | result of a equal valence electron sharing. |
| Hydrogen bond | weak and transient. |
| Define chemical reaction and terms reactant and product. | a process in which reactants are converted into products. |
| Decomposition reaction [breaking] | A LARGER NUMBER OF SMALLER product molecules are generated from a smaller number of LARGER REACTANT MOLECULES. |
| Catabolic reaction | if they occur in cells [decomposition] |
| hydrolysis | if they CONSUME water. able to hydrogen bond with and dissolve in water. |
| Synthesis reaction [adding/forming] | A SMALLER NUMBER OF LARGER product molecules are generated from a larger number of smaller reactant molecules. |
| Anabolic/anabolism | if they occur in cells; dehydration reaction; they liberate water. |
| Which reactants that are physically larger than products? | decomposition reaction. |
| Which products that are physically larger than reactants? | synthesis reaction |
| Which has a larger number of reactants than products? | synthesis reaction |
| which has larger number of products than reactions? | decomposition reaction. |
| Exchange reaction | atoms or groups of atoms that are swapped between molecules. |
| What does it mean for reaction to be reversible and what does it mean if a reversible reaction goes to equilibrium? | If a reversible reaction is a t a chemical equilibrium, then the concentration of all substances will remain relatively constant. |
| Oxidation | occurs when a substance LOSES electrons |
| Reduction | occurs when a substance GAINS electrons |
| Oxidation-Reaction | energy in the forms of electrons that is transferred from the substance that is oxidized to the substance that is reduced. |
| Activation energy | The minimum amount of energy that MUST BE AVAILABLE to reactants for chemical reaction to occur. |
| endergonic | a reaction that REQUIRES energy to be absorbed in order for it to take place. |
| exergonic | RELEASES energy in the forms of heat |
| Define the term of catalyst | A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed during the reaction. |
Created by:
Alexa Bales
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