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English #1
From Week 1-11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rhetoric | The art of persuasion. Contains purpose, tone, and audience |
| Rhetorical appeals | Logos, Pathos, Ethos |
| Logos | Appeal to logic. Uses statistics and data to persuade the audience. Some may appeal to logos without holding "true" information |
| Pathos | Appeal to emotion |
| Ethos | Appeal to character / authority / credibility |
| Hasty Generalization | Argument based on limited or biased sample to reach conclusion |
| False Analogy | Though A and B may be similar in one way, they may not both share X |
| Ad Misericordiam | Exploiting their opponents feelings of pity or guilt (guilt tripping) |
| Post hoc, ergo propter hoc | Assumes A caused B because A happened before B |
| Ad hominem | Ignores the real issue and attacks someone personally rather than their argument |
| Strawman | Gives the impression that they are refuting an opponent’s argument, but are actually refuting a point not presented by that opponent |
| Red herring | Ignores the real issue by using distracting information |
| Slippery slope | Conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, eventually through small steps, Z will happen. This equates A to Z. So to prevent Z, A must not happen |
| Hasty Generalization example | All cats are spiteful |
| False Analogy example | Hockey is harder to play than soccer because there are way more strategic plays |
| Ad Misericordiam example | I lost my job and got the flu |
| Post hoc example | My team won because I wore my lucky sweater |
| Ad hominem example | Martha Stewart can’t give good house keeping advice because she’s a convicted criminal |
| Strawman example | Opposing argument: Teens should be taught about contraception so they can practice safe sex should they choose to have intercourse Straw man argument: Advocates of sex ed want to give kids license to have sex with no consequences |
| Red herring example | There is a debate between the pros and cons of electric cars, but consider the use of celebrities’ private jets |
| Slippery slope example | If we regulate cars that pollute, soon the government will ban all cars |
| Premise | Statement that is either true or false. Arguments are based on them |
| Deductive logic | Progress from general ideas to specific conclusions. Find a research problem, analyze and test the data, decide whether to continue the hypothesis |
| Inductive logic | Start at specific observations and form general conclusions. Looking for a pattern or a trend and then generalizing it |
| Abductive logic | Informed and educated guessing. Conclusions are based on probabilities and extrapolations from related information |
| In text citation | (Author, year, page / paragraph number). (Meagher, 2024, pg. 4) |
| CRAAP test | Currency, Relevancy, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose |
Created by:
jolly_n4
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