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BIO-1406
EXAM #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON) |
| Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called: | elements |
| Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons are known as: | ion |
| Atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons are called: | isotopes |
| Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of: | isotopes of carbon |
| How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell? | 4 |
| Isotopes that are unstable and decay when their nucleus breaks up into elements with lower atomic numbers, emitting significant amounts of energy in the process, are called: | radioisotopes |
| Matter is composed of: | atoms |
| Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called: | electrons |
| Organisms are composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units, termed: | monomer |
| Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8. How many neutrons are present? | 8 |
| The element present in all organic molecules is _____. | carbon |
| The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its: | atomic number |
| Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules. These attractions are called: | hydrogen molecules |
| Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges. These opposite charges allow water molecules to attract each other through: | ionic bonds |
| When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as | ions |
| When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as: | covalent bond |
| Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus? | neutrons |
| Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called: | amino acids |
| DNA and RNA contain functional units known as: | nucleotides |
| The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as: | dehydration reaction |
| A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine? | 18% |
| Macromolecules that are used by all organisms to store hereditary information are called: | DNA molecules |
| A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____. | monosaccharide |
| Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ________ | hydrolysis reactions |
| The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ________. | primary structure |
| These biological compounds are nonpolar and insoluble in water: | lipids |
| Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called: | monosaccharides. |
| Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. However, denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure? | peptide bonds |
| Which of these classes of biological molecules does NOT include polymers? | lipids |
| Enzymes function to: | catalyze chemical reactions |
| Which of the following is NOT a polymer? | glucose |
| Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called: | amino acids |
| Organic molecules have a carbon backbone and ________ such as -OH and -NH2 that affect their chemical properties. | functional groups |
| Starch and cellulose _____. | are polymers of glucose |
| What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen? | the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule |
| Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? | as a disaccharide |
| You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? | primary structure |
| The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to _____. | |
| Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water? | |
| Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely _____. | |
| Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? | |
| Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? | |
| In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by _____. | |
| Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with _____. | hydrogen and oxygen |
| The element present in all organic molecules is _____. | carbon atoms |
| A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound _____. | dissolve in water |
| Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are _____. | nonpolar substances |
| A solution with a pH of 5 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 7? | 100 |
| How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell? | 4 electrons |
| Which chemical group can act as an acid? | carboxyl group |
| The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? | hydrogen bonding |
| Which of the following is a property of liquid water? Liquid water _____. | polar molecule |
| Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the _____. | DNA |
| Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? | mitochondrion |
| Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? | mRNA |
| A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. | synthesize large quantities of lipids |
| Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? | chloroplast |
| Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? | proteins |
| Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER? | in mitochondria |
| Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are: | peroxisomes. |
| Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____. | chloroplasts |
| Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? | Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. |
| All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. | an endoplasmic reticulum |
| Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? | mitochondria |
| What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? | ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane |
| In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. | In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. |
| Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? | ribosome |
| Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? | mitochondrion |
| Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? | rough ER |
| Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a: | central vacuole. |
| What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? | It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. |
| A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. | primarily producing proteins in the cytosol |
Created by:
arelidelira