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Chem exam 1

TermDefinition
Scientific method a way of finding out how nature works by observing, reasoning, and testing to form hypothesis, laws, and theories.
Hypothesis A tentative explanation or prediction based on experimental observations
Law A concise verbal or mathematical statement of a behavior or a reaction that seems always to be the same under the same conditions
Theory A well tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the always based on them.
Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space we can classify based on whether it is a liquid, solid, or gas.
Solid Something with a definite shape and volume that cannot be compressed and cannot flow.
Liquid Something with a definite volume but not a definite shape which cannot be compressed but can flow
Gas Something that does not have a definite shape or volume but can be compressed and can flow.
Mixtures More than one pure substance present, composition can be varied.
Homogeneous mixture Uniform composition throughout
Heterogenous mixture Nonuniform composition throughout
Pure substances Fixed composition; cannot be further purified.
Compounds elements united in fixed ratios
Elements Cannot be subdivided by chemical or physical processes
Mass Si Unit Kilogram(kg)
Length Si Unit Meter(m)
Time Si Unit Second(s)
Temperature Si Unit Kelvin(K)
Amount of a substance Si Unit Mole(mol)
Period horizonal rows on the periodic table
Group vertical rows on the periodic table
The law of electrostatic attraction States that like charges repel while unlike charges attract
protons Positive charged subatomic particle, mass is 1.007 amu and is found in the nucleus
electrons Negative charged subatomic particle, mass is 0.0005 amu and is found in the space around the nucleus
Neutrons No charge and are found in the nucleus with a mass of 1.009 amu
Isotopes elements with different numbers of neutrons
Atomic mass the percent possibility of the isotopes combined together and is found on the periodic table
Mass number number of protons plus the number of neutrons
physical properties the characteristic of matter that can changed without changing its composition and can be directly observed.
Chemical properties The characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy and describes the behavior of matter
Physical change Processes that cause change in the matter that do not change its composition EX) condensing, boiling, melting, freezing dissolving.
Chemical change Process that causes changes in the matter that change its composition. EX) Rusting, burning, color change, browning of an apple
Compounds Combination of 2 or more elements in a definite ratio by mass
Ions Atoms or groups of atoms with a formal positive or negative charge
Cations When electrons are removed forming a positive charge
Anions When electrons are gained forming a negative charge
Ionic compounds metal and nonmetal combined to form a compound
Covalent Compounds Nonmental and Nonmetal combined to form a compound
Quantitative observation research method that involves measuring and quantifying characteristics of a phenomenon
Significant figures The non holding digits in a reported measurement
Density mass divided by volume
Mole The counting unit for atoms, molecules ion, ect.
Percent composition analysis used to characterize unknown compounds
Empirical formula shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a formula
Molecular formula Show the actual composition of a molecules
Mega 10^6
kilo 10^3
deci 10^-1
centi 10^-2
milli 10^-3
mico 10^-6
nano 10^-9
pico 10^-12
Created by: jmsallee
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