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Natural Selection

Lecture 4: Bio141

QuestionAnswer
How do we end up with complex traits? 1. Each intermediate step on the way toward the evolution served as a function similar to the modern-day function. 2. Co-option of a trait to serve a new purpose.
Continually modifiable horizontal pupils create a broader panoramic view, more light from the ground.
Evolution as tinkering Not like an engineer, evolution is far from perfection, doesn't produce innovation from scratch, it works on what already exists.
Evolutionary Constraints Evolution lacks foresight
Nature of Variation Trade-offs and anatgonistic. Mutations are ranodom
Gene Flow into a local population can limit the degree of local adaption - gene flows from a larger population w/ different selective constraints.
Nature of Environment The biotic and abiotic environments are changing and evolving too
Changing climate, O2 etc: Predators adapt, prey evolves defenses, parasites evade defense
Coevolution changes in one species changes fitness of another species.
Evolution by Natural Selection is... a process of change
The process operates over time or generations True or False? True
Shape traits in a population leads to adaption
Taxonomy Naming, classification, organization of life - modern versions use shared features.
Carlos Linnaeus establishes hierarchial classification system with the publication of Systema Naturae in 1758
Linneaus' classification system was hiearchial - groups within groups
Systematic evolution and classification wedded
1942 - Ernst Mayr publishes Systematic and the origin of species
1966 - Willi Hennig publishes Phylogentic Systematics
Phylogeny Tells us the ancestry
Created by: exiong707673
 

 



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