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Natural Selection
Lecture 4: Bio141
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do we end up with complex traits? | 1. Each intermediate step on the way toward the evolution served as a function similar to the modern-day function. 2. Co-option of a trait to serve a new purpose. |
| Continually modifiable | horizontal pupils create a broader panoramic view, more light from the ground. |
| Evolution as tinkering | Not like an engineer, evolution is far from perfection, doesn't produce innovation from scratch, it works on what already exists. |
| Evolutionary Constraints | Evolution lacks foresight |
| Nature of Variation | Trade-offs and anatgonistic. Mutations are ranodom |
| Gene Flow | into a local population can limit the degree of local adaption - gene flows from a larger population w/ different selective constraints. |
| Nature of Environment | The biotic and abiotic environments are changing and evolving too |
| Changing climate, O2 etc: | Predators adapt, prey evolves defenses, parasites evade defense |
| Coevolution | changes in one species changes fitness of another species. |
| Evolution by Natural Selection is... | a process of change |
| The process operates over time or generations True or False? | True |
| Shape traits in a population | leads to adaption |
| Taxonomy | Naming, classification, organization of life - modern versions use shared features. |
| Carlos Linnaeus | establishes hierarchial classification system with the publication of Systema Naturae in 1758 |
| Linneaus' classification system was hiearchial - groups within groups | |
| Systematic | evolution and classification wedded |
| 1942 - Ernst Mayr | publishes Systematic and the origin of species |
| 1966 - Willi Hennig | publishes Phylogentic Systematics |
| Phylogeny | Tells us the ancestry |