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Psychology Test 1
Psychology Test 1, chapter quizzes q&a
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sense organs’ detection of external physical stimuli is called ________, whereas further processing, organizing, and interpreting of those stimuli in the brain is called ________. | sensation; perception |
| After transduction, the neural signals of vision, hearing, taste, and touch all pass through the | thalamus |
| The minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli is referred to as | the difference threshold |
| Weber’s law suggests that the size of a just-noticeable difference depends on the | intensity of the initial stimulus |
| The area where the optic nerve leaves the retina is referred to as the | blind spot |
| When Jodi walks from the sunlight into a dark theater, her ________ causes her ________ to enlarge to let in more light. | iris; pupil |
| Which of the following is most sensitive to different colors? | cones |
| Reversible figures occur because | the correct assignment of figure and ground is ambiguous. |
| The first psychologists to emphasize the organizing processes underlying perception were the | Gestalt psychologists |
| There are several steps involved in the process of transforming a sound into a signal that can be understood by the brain. Which of the following displays these steps in the correct order? | (1) sound wave, (2) eardrum vibration, (3) pressure wave in fluid |
| If a key is pressed on a piano, the frequency of the resulting sound will determine the ________ and the amplitude will determine the ________ of the perceived musical note. | pitch; loudness |
| Being able to detect the origin of a sound is called | localization |
| The ________ sense aids balance by judging the direction and intensity of head movements. | vestibular |
| Which of the following senses has the most direct route to the brain because it is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus? | olfaction |
| Why does a dog sniff virtually everything that it encounters? | because the main way that a dog perceives the world is through olfaction |
| Your brain gathers information about where your body is in space by using receptors located | entire body |
| Ouch! You just got a small cut from a piece of paper. The sharp sting travels along ________ pain fibers, which are ________. | fast; myelinated |
| Which of the following detects temperature and then sends information about temperature to the brain? | warm and cold receptors |
| When Margot was a child, her mother baked bread on Fridays. As an adult, whenever Margot smells bread baking she remembers her mother and feels happy. The mood and memories result from the processing of smell information in the | amygdala |
| The sense of taste is also called | gustation |
| Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? | the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes |
| How are the act of riding a roller coaster and the fear experienced while riding it related | Riding a roller coaster is a behavior and the experienced fear is a related mental activity. |
| Susannah observes the world around her and measures various aspects of it to gain new knowledge. Susannah is learning about the world by using | empiricism |
| As he studies for his psychology exam, Chen thinks deeply about the subject matter and provides his own examples. Chen is using the process of | elaboration |
| Critical thinking focuses primarily on | being open to new ideas while also examining the evidence. |
| Why is the first step in critical thinking asking, “Is the source of the claim believable?” | because before you can evaluate a claim, you have to evaluate the source’s credibility and possible motives |
| The person who established the first psychology laboratory, an event that marked the beginning of experimental psychology, was | Wilhelm Wundt. |
| Daniel is extremely interested in how people change across the life span. He would probably be most interested in speaking to a ________ psychologist. | developmental |
| Dr. Growe is reading an article discussing the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology. | Social and Personality |
| The finding that different people view the Müller-Lyer Illusion differently demonstrates how ________ can affect psychological processes. | culture |
| A researcher who publicly discussed a participant’s responses and named the participant would be guilty of violating the ethical principle of | confidentiality |
| She designs her experiment so it seems to be about fashion but actually measures differences in treatment based on race. Which of the following is true regarding the ethical requirements Dr. Ethridge must follow? | She can deceive her participants in this way as long as she reveals the true nature of the study at its conclusion. |
| A researcher believes that presenting possible suspects in a lineup one at a time instead of in a group will lead to more accurate identification of the true suspect. This belief represents a(n) | hypothesis |
| The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the | neurons |
| In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with | many other neurons in an organized network. |
| The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. | central |
| The site where communication occurs between neurons through the release of chemicals is called the | synapse |
| Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called | neurotransmitters |
| Sodium ions are ________ charged and flow into a neuron to ________ the likelihood the neuron will produce an action potential. | positively; increase |
| In reuptake, neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron, which | removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse and stops further stimulation of the receptors. |
| In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to ________ other neurons. | transmit action potentials to |
| Because nicotine increases how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, it is an | agonist |
| Drugs that increase the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA | are used to treat anxiety. |
| Mandy is extremely depressed and is prescribed a drug to alleviate her depression. The drug would likely affect the neurotransmitter | serotonin |
| Lionel has Parkinson’s disease and has difficulty starting motor movements because the neurons involved with dopamine activity are | dying off and decreasing activity. |
| Brain imaging research indicates that most behavior is driven by | many brain regions working together. |
| Which of the following is the measure of brain activity that temporarily “turns off” parts of the brain to explore which brain regions are necessary for specific psychological functions? | transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| Chung’s doctor found nothing wrong the eyes, so he wanted to explore blood flow to the parts of the brain that process visual information. What modern brain imaging method must the doctor use to achieve this goal? | functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
| The spinal cord carries ________ from the brain to the peripheral nervous system. | motor signals |
| The brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories is the | hippocampus |
| The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What one sensation is the exception to this rule? | smell |
| How were the brains of epilepsy patients modified during the split-brain procedure? | Their corpus callosums were severed. |
| The quick behavioral response and the increased heart rate and respiration are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. Her feeling of relief and decrease in heart rate and respiration are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. | sympathetic; parasympathetic |
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tiredofthisl0l