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Chem 101

Lessons 1.1-2.3

TermDefinition
Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mass A measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Chemical Changes Always produce one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.
Physical Changes Result in different states or properties of matter without any accompanying change in the chemical identities of the substances contained in the matter.
Law of conservation of matter There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (physical change).
Atoms the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
Molecules Consist of two or more atoms joined by strong forces
Chemical Bonds Strong forces
Extensive properties Depend on the amount of matter present • The mass and volume of a substance are examples of extensive properties
Intensive properties Are independent of the amount of matter present • Temperature is an example of an intensive property.
Chemical properties Are the ability (or inability) to change into another type of matter. • Flammability, toxicity, acidity, conductivity, etc.
Physical properties Are characteristics of matter that are not associated with a change in its chemical composition. • Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points.
Electron The cathode ray particle is what we now call an electron, a negatively charged, subatomic particle with a mass more than one thousand-times less that of an atom.
Nucleus A small, relatively heavy, positively charged body, must be at the center of each atom.
Proton The positively charged, subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
Neutrons Uncharged, subatomic particles with a mass approximately the same as that of protons.
Ion Atoms are electrically neutral if they contain the same number of protons as electrons. When these numbers are unequal, the atom is electrically charged and is called an
Anions Are negatively charged ions, formed when atoms gain one or more electrons
Cations Are positively charged ions, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
Isotopes Are atoms of the same element that differ in mass
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