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Chapter 2 Part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What main elements are proteins made from? | Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino Acids |
| What are the main parts of an amino acid? | Amino group NH2 & and Carboxyl groups COOH |
| What are the bonds between amino acids (peptides) called? | Peptide bonds. |
| What are two amino acids bonded together called? | Dipeptide. |
| What are many amino acids bonded together called? | Polypeptide. |
| What level of protein structure is the order of amino acids in a protein? | primary |
| What level of protein structure is the beta pleated sheet or alpha helix shape? | secondary |
| What level of protein structure is the shape of alpha helix after folding more? | tertiary |
| What level of protein structure consists of more than 1 tertiary structure combined? | quaternary |
| What group of proteins are mainly secondary structures, long and strand-like, stable, insoluble in water, and make up structures in our body like skin, muscle, hair? | Fibrous proteins |
| What are some examples of proteins from #11? | keratin,elastin,collagen, and certain contractile fibers |
| What group of proteins are usually tertiary or even quaternary structures, rounded in shape, are water soluble and chemically active, and carry out functions in our body? | Globular proteins |
| What are some examples of proteins from #13? | antibodies, hormones and enzymes. |
| What are the functions of proteins? | creates many structures of cells and the body. Important in may cellular reactions. |
| What happens to build up molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins from their basic building blocks and what is this process called? | Remove water to form bonds. Dehydration |
| What happens to break down molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into their basic building blocks and what is this process called? | Add water to creak bonds.Hydrolysis. |
| The function of a protein depends on its three-dimensional shape. (true or false) | true |
| Proteins may be damaged by high temperatures or acidity. What is it called when the protein is broken down? | Denatured |
| What is the name for proteins that act as biological catalysts? | Enzymes |
| How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction? | Lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. |
| How many different types of chemical reactions can one enzyme speed up? | Only speed up one type of chemical reaction. |
| What is the name for the part of the enzyme where the substrate attaches? | Active site |
| Are enzymes used up or changed in the chemical reaction? | No |
| How are enzymes usually named? | By adding the suffix “-ase” to the root name of the substrate molecule they will naturally be acting upon. |
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