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FT1 Review (Chem)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three required parts of any measurement? | Magnitude (#'s), Standard of Comparison (units), Estimation (indication of uncertainty). |
| What is accuracy? | How close the measurement is to the actual (correct) value. |
| What is precision? | The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results. |
| How do accuracy and precision apply to significant figures? | Significant figures represent the precision and accuracy of a measuring tool. They can only be as precise as the least precise measurement. |
| Systematic Error | Reproducible inaccuracies that are the result of poor experimental setup or environmental conditions. |
| Random Error | Statistical fluctuation in the measured data due to the precision limitations of the measurement device. |
| Can systematic error be fixed? | Yes - fixing the experimental setup or changing the environmental conditions can fix the systematic error. |
| Can random error be fixed? | No - the measurement device cannot be more precise, no matter how precise you get, there will always be a random error. |
| k - 10^3 | kilo- |
| c - c^-2 | centi- |
| m - 10^-3 | milli- |
| µ - 10^-6 | micro- |
| n - 10^-9 | nano- |
| p - 10^-12 | pico- |
| 1 mol | 6.022 X 10^23 |
| When is it appropriate to use a mol? | To represent the amount of substances in chemistry. |
| What is the purpose of significant figures? | To maintain precision in scientific measurements. |
| What is density? | An intensive property of matter that provides a relationship between mass and volume. |
| What property is density? | Intensive property |
| What does density tell you about matter? | How heavy something is for its size. |
| How does density help with conversions? | It allows you to convert easily between mass and volume. |
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| What is mass? | The amount of particles in a substance. |
| How are matter and mass related? | Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance or object. |
| What is the difference between mass and weight? | Mass is the total amount of matter in an object. Weight is a force of gravity on an object. |
| What are the similarities between mass and weight? | They can both be measured. |
| What is a substance? | Anything with a fixed composition. |
| What are atoms? | The smallest unit of an element. |
| What are elements? | A pure substance made up of one type of atom. |
| What are compounds? | A substance made of more than one type of atom in fixed proportions |
| What are physical properties? | Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance composition |
| What are physical changes? | When property of matter changes but not the composition |
| What is a reversible physical change? | A change where the original state of the substance can be returned |
| What is an irreversible physical change? | A change that does not alter chemical make-up but cannot be undone |
| What is a solid? | A state of matter where the molecules are closely packed together and have the least amount of kinetic energy |
| What is a liquid? | A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. |
| What is a gas? | A state of matter that has no definite shape or definite volume |
| What is plasma? | A state of matter that is an electrically charged gas |
| Are the changes between states of matter a physical change or a chemical change? | Physical change |
| What is a mixture? | Where the substance is being physically mixed |
| What is a phase? | Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties |
| What is a homogenous mixture? | A uniform distribution |
| What is a heterogenous mixture? | A non-uniform distribution |
| What is a solution? | A homogenous mixture of two or more substances |
| What does it mean to decadent a substance? | Taking a liquid from a solid or liquid |
| What does it mean to filter a substance? | Taking a solid from a liquid |
| What does it mean to distill a substance? | Taking a liquid from a solid or liquid |
| What is suction filtration? What can be separated with this filtration method? | A vacuum filtration that separates a solid-liquid mixture to retain the solid |
| What is gravity filtration? What can be separated with this filtration method? | A filtration technique that relies on gravity to remove suspended solids from a liquid |
| What sort of substances can distillation separate? | Liquids from nonvolatile solids |
| What is resolution? Why is it important when separating a mixture? | |
| What is a chemical property? | |
| What is a chemical change? | |
| What are the signs of a chemical reaction? | |
| What is a precipitate? | |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Mass and why is it important? | |
| hat is “work” in a physics sense? | |
| What is kinetic energy? | |
| How does kinetic energy relate to work? | |
| What is potential energy? | |
| How does potential energy relate to work? | |
| What is a joule? | |
| How does a joule relate to work? | |
| What does endothermic mean in relation to a chemical reaction? | |
| What does exothermic mean in relation to a chemical reaction? | |
| What is temperature? | |
| What is heat? | |
| What are the differences between oC, oF, and K with regards to degree size and zero point? | |
| What is specific heat? | |
| How can specific heat act as a fingerprinting technique for substances? |
Created by:
katie.dolson
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