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EMT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hemorrhagic stroke | Proceeded by sudden, severe headache |
| Dysarthria | Slurred, poorly articulated speech |
| Joint | where two bones meet |
| Ligaments | Connects bone to bone |
| Tendons | attaches bone to muscle |
| Cartilage | cushion between bones |
| Foramen Magnum | Passageway for spinal cord to connect with brain and descend into spinal column |
| Cervical Spine | 7 vertebrae |
| Thoracic spine | 12 vertebrae |
| Lumbar spine | 5 vertebrae |
| sacrum | 5 vertebrae |
| Coccyx | 4 vertebrae |
| Skeletal muscle | voluntary movement, most of human muscle mass |
| smooth and cardiac muscle | involuntary |
| Cardiac muscle | can generate its own electrical impulses |
| Diaphram | primary muscle of breathing |
| Hypoxic Drive | body's backup system to control respiration |
| Tidal Volume | amount of air moved in or out during single breath (500 mL in an adult) |
| Agonal gasps | occassional gasping breaths when a person is in cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest |
| Pulmonary Veins | left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs to these |
| Veins of the body | right side of the heart receives blood from these |
| Pulmonary artery | begins at the right side of the heart and carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs |
| Types of Pulses that can be taken | carotid, femoral, radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Somatic NS and Autonomic NS |
| Somatic Nervous System | regulates activities with voluntary control |
| Autonomic Nervous System | automatic movement control (sympathetic and parasympathetic NS) |
| Sympathetic NS | Fight or Flight |
| Parasympathetic NS | returns body to resting state |
| Retroperitoneal organs | inferior vena cava, adrenal gland, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, duodenum, pancreas, aorta |
| Hypercapnia | elevated level of CO2 |
| LOOK AT MEDS | ON IPAD |
| Virulence | ability or strength of pathogen to produce disease |
| Atelectasis | collapsed alveoli |
| Croup | Inflammation and swelling of pharynx, larynx, and trachea - barking cough |
| Epiglottitis | life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis -drooling, tripod position, high fever, dyspnea |
| RSV | infection in the lungs and breathing passages -contagious through droplets, cough, wheezing, dehydration |
| Bronchiolitis | severe inflammation of the bronchioles -shortness of breath, cough, tachypnea, tachycardia |
| Pneumonia | infection of the lungs impairing lungs ability to exchange O2 and CO2 - dyspnea, chills, fever, cough, red, green, or rust sputum |
| Pertussis(whooping cough) | airborne bacterial infection - coughing spells, "whoop" sound, fever |
| TB | bacterial infection, spread by cough, most strains are resistant to antibiotics, most impacts lungs but can affect other organs (kidneys, spine, lining of brain and spinal cord- meninges) -cough, fever, fatigue, productive, bloody sputum |
| Pulmonary Edema | Fluid buildup within alveoli and lung tissues, usually a result of CHF -dyspnea with rapid, shallow respirations |
| COPD | Chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing * Used to describe emphysema and chronic bronchitis * Chronically produce sputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air from lungs w/ long expiration phases |
| Asthma | acute spasm of bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production *wheezing on inspiration/expiration, bronchospasm |
| Hay Fever | causes cold-like symptoms, caused by allergic response *runny nose, sneezing, congestion, and sinus pressure |
| Anaphylaxis | severe allergic rxn, airway swelling and dilation of BV all over body *flushed skin or hives (urticaria), generalized edema, decreased BP, laryngeal edema w/ dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, wheezing, stridor |
| Pneumothorax | partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space * sudden chest pain with dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema |
| Pleural Effusion | collection of fluid outside lung on one or both sides of the chest *sudden dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, feel better if sitting up, |
| Embolus | Anything in circulatory system that moves from its point of origin to distant site and lodges there obstructing BF |
| Pulmonary Embolism | Blood clot formed in the veins that breaks off and circulates through the venous system * dyspnea, occassionally will have sharp chest pain, sudden onset tachycardia, clear breath sounds, cyanosis, hemoptysis |
| Hyperventilation | rapid breathing so CO2 decreases below average |
| Wheezing | inflammation in the bronchus, heard on exhalation, high-pitched musical sound |
| Crackles | Bubbling sound heard on inspiration, air trying to pass through fluid in alveoli |
| Rhonchi | Low-pitched rattling; secretions or mucus in larger airway |
| Atherosclerosis | Calcium and fatty material (cholesterol) build up and form a plaque inside the wall of Blood vessels |
| Ischemia | Decreased blood flow to the heart |
| Thromboembolism | Blood clot floating through BV until it reaches an area too narrow to pass causing it to stop and block blood flow |
| Infarction | death of tissue |
| AMI | death of heart muscle decreases heart's ability to pump and cause it to stop pumping completely |
| Cardiac Arrest | heart stops pumping completely |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome | group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia |
| Angina Pectoris | for a brief time, the heart tissues aren't getting enough oxygen, when hearts need for oxygen exceeds its supply (crushing or squeezing pain) |
| AMI signs and symptoms | gradual, sudden onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating, chest pain, discomfort, pressure that is crushing or squeezing, pain, discomfort, pressure in lower jaw, back, arms, abdomen, or neck, pink, frothy sputum |
| Cardiogenic Shock | heart lacks enough pressure to force proper volume of blood through circulatory system, commonly found after AMI, restlessness or anxiety |
| CHF | any condition that weakens pumping strength of heart, easier to breathe when sitting up, setting of heart valve damage or consequence of increased BP |
| Dependent Edema | collection of fluid in part of body closest to the ground, discomfort |
| Aortic Aneurysm | weakness in wall of aorta |
| Dissecting Aneurysm | When inner layers of aorta become separated allowing blood to flow between layers, uncontrolled hypertension is usually the cause, abrupt pain, sharp or tearing |
| COPD affects what and lungs affect what | COPD-lungs CHF-Heart |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | sudden, severe headache described as the worst pain of their life |
| Stroke | interruption of BF to an area within the brain |
| Solid organs | liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries- damage can lead to shock and BV bleeding |
| Retroperitoneal Space | kidneys, pancreas, ovaries |
| Hollow organs | gallbladder, stomach, small and large intestine, urinary bladder |
| Liver | secretes bile, aids in digestion of fats, filters toxic substances produced by digestion, creates glucose stores (upper right quadrant- kidneys are below it) |
| Gallbladder | holds bile (upper right) |
| Spleen | filtration of blood, removes old red blood cells, serves as a blood reservoir (upper left) |
| Acute Abdomen | sudden onset of abdominal pain |
| Peritonitis | Any foreign material that causes irritation to peritoneum |
| Pancreas | Upper left below spleen |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in muscle walls of intestines |
| Referred pain | irritated pain perceived at a distant point |
| Ulcers | protective layer eroded allowing acid to eat into organ |
| Melena | Black, tarry stools |
| Pancreatitis | Pain may radiate to the back, pain is worse after eating |
| GERD | sphincter between esophagus and stomach allow stomach acid to move into esophagus |
| Esophagitis | lining of esophagus is inflamed |
| Esophageal Varices | When pressure with in BV surrounding esophagus increase and esophageal BV eventually drain their blood into the liver |
| Mallory-Weiss Tear | tear in junction between esophagus and stomach causing severe bleeding and death, violent vomiting |
| Gastroenteresis | Infection combined with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, organisms entering body |
| Hemorrhoids | Swelling and inflammation of BV surrounding rectum |
| Cystitis | Bladder inflammation |
| Uremia | waste product remains in blood instead of urine |
| Hernia | protrusion of organ or tissue through a hole or opening into body cavity where it doesn't belong |
| Hematoma | Large BV beneath skin are damaged |
| where should you never place a moist, occlusive dressing? | genitalia |
| Flank | posterior- lateral region below margin of lower ribcage |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of glucose metabolism the body has an impaired ability to get glucose into cells |
| DKA, HHNS, Symptomatic hyperglycemia | greater than or equal to a glucose reading of 400 |
| Hypoglycemic emergency | less than or equal to 50 |
| Hyperglycemia | gradual, warm and dry skin, very thirsty, hungry, and vomiting, rapid breathing, sweet, fruity odor, restlessness, excessive peeing |
| Hypoglycemia | rapid onset, pale, cool, moist skin, normal-shallow breathing, immediate response to glucose |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | if fat metabolism and ketone production continue, life threatening DKA, abdominal pain, body aches, nausea, vomiting, AMS |
| Polyuria | frequent urination |
| Polydipsia | increase in fluid consumption |
| Polyphagia | severe hunger |
| Type 2 | resistance to insulin |
| HHNS | fluid imbalance as a result of increased urination from severe hyperglycemia |
| Hemophilia | Decreased ability for blood to clot after an injury |
| Thrombophilia | disorder in body's ability to maintain viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous system |
| Allergic rxn contributors | histamines and leukotrienes |
| Urticaria | small areas of generalized itching or burning, small, raised areas on the skin |
| angioedema | areas of localized swelling |
| what is the most common allergen? | food |
| wheal | swollen, raised, well-defined area on the skin |
| Kinetic energy | mass (weight) times velocity (speed) |
| Potential energy | mass (weight) times force of gravity times height |
| Blunt trauma | doesn't break skin |
| windshield damage | brain injury |
| deployed airbags | may have extremity injury |
| seatbelts may decrease what type of collision | third |
| Second collision | extremity injury |
| third collision | internal organ damage |
| knees to dashboard | hip fracture or dislocation |
| striking the steering wheel | serious chest and abdominal injuries |
| face and head to windshield | head and spinal injuries |
| Primary blast | injuries due to blast itself (ruptured eardrums, major organs, lungs, hollow organs are most susceptible) |
| Secondary blast | being struck by flying debris |
| Tertiary Blast | Due to impact with another object when pt is thrown |
| Quaternary Blast | Collateral injuries such as burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation |
| Blood flows out of heart into | the aorta |
| capillaries | small tubes that connect arterioles and venules |
| arterioles | small BV that connect arteries and capillaries |
| Perfusion | circulation of blood within organ or tissue to allow it to meet cell's current need for oxygen, nutrients and waste removal |
| Hemorrhage | bleeding |
| Hypovolemic Shock | low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion and even death |
| bronchodilation | vasoconstriction |
| Capillary vessel bleeding | dark red and oozes from wound |
| Venous bleed | darker than arterial, flows steadily |
| Arterial bleeding | bright red and spurts in time with pulse |
| Ecchymosis | local swelling/bruising |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up bright red blood |
| Hematoma | mass of blood collected in soft tissues beneath the skin |
| Epistaxis | nose bleed; lean forward and pinch nose |
| Mandible | lower jaw bone |
| maxillae | upper/above jaw bone |
| eyeball | globe |
| sclera | white portion of the eye |
| conjuctiva | lower inner eyelid |
| iris | what makes your eye color |
| pupil | what allows light to enter |
| conjuctivitis | conjuctiva becomes inflamed and red |
| eye lacerations | controlled with gentle pressure, dry dressing |
| hyphema | bleeding in anterior eye |
| blow-out fracture | fragments of fractured bone scatter and can sometimes cause someone to have double vision (looks like eyes are crossed) |
| Turbinates | layers of bone in nasal chamber |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in soft tissues, crackling sensation |
| how long after ovulation do women menstruate? | about 14 days |
| Menarche | onset of menstruation (11-16 years) |
| Hemophilia | Decreased ability for blood to clot after an injury |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease, unsteady gait, lower abdominal pain |
| Thrombophilia | disorder in body's ability to maintain viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous system |
| Where would you feel for general body temp? | abdomen |
| Allergic rxn contributors | histamines and leukotrienes |
| how long until a person can no longer shiver? | below 90 degrees F |
| Urticaria | small areas of generalized itching or burning, small, raised areas on the skin |
| Five ways to release heat | convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation, respiration |
| angioedema | areas of localized swelling |
| what is the most common allergen? | food |
| by the 20th week of pregnancy | the uterus is above or at mother's belly button |
| wheal | swollen, raised, well-defined area on the skin |
| Frequency of contractions | start of one to start of next |
| Kinetic energy | mass (weight) times velocity (speed) |
| How should you position pregnant women? | on their left side |
| Potential energy | mass (weight) times force of gravity times height |
| Status asthmaticus | prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved |
| Blunt trauma | doesn't break skin |
| normal rr for newborn | greater than or equal to 60 BPM |
| windshield damage | brain injury |
| When is BP not taken? | taken at all ages |
| deployed airbags | may have extremity injury |
| Cyanide | has the smell of almonds |
| seatbelts may decrease what type of collision | third |
| Orthostatic hypotension | whena person stands, bp drops |
| Second collision | extremity injury |
| immediate transport patients in mass casualty | 2 at a time |
| third collision | internal organ damage |
| moderate radiation toxicity | hair loss and first degree burns |
| knees to dashboard | hip fracture or dislocation |
| cerebrum | controls most voluntary motor function and conscious thought |
| striking the steering wheel | serious chest and abdominal injuries |
| face and head to windshield | head and spinal injuries |
| Primary blast | injuries due to blast itself (ruptured eardrums, major organs, lungs, hollow organs are most susceptible) |
| Secondary blast | being struck by flying debris |
| Tertiary Blast | Due to impact with another object when pt is thrown |
| Quaternary Blast | Collateral injuries such as burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation |
| Blood flows out of heart into | the aorta |
| capillaries | small tubes that connect arterioles and venules |
| arterioles | small BV that connect arteries and capillaries |
| Perfusion | circulation of blood within organ or tissue to allow it to meet cell's current need for oxygen, nutrients and waste removal |
| signs of skull fracture | ecchymosis (bruising) that develops under eyes (racoon eyes) or behind ear over mastoid process (battle sign) |
| Hemorrhage | bleeding |
| linear skull fracture | nondisplaced. account for 80% of all skull fractures |
| Hypovolemic Shock | low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion and even death |
| bronchodilation | vasoconstriction |
| Capillary vessel bleeding | dark red and oozes from wound |
| Venous bleed | darker than arterial, flows steadily |
| Arterial bleeding | bright red and spurts in time with pulse |
| Ecchymosis | local swelling/bruising |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up bright red blood |
| Hematoma | mass of blood collected in soft tissues beneath the skin |
| Epistaxis | nose bleed; lean forward and pinch nose |
| Mandible | lower jaw bone |
| maxillae | upper/above jaw bone |
| eyeball | globe |
| sclera | white portion of the eye |
| conjuctiva | lower inner eyelid |
| iris | what makes your eye color |
| pupil | what allows light to enter |
| conjuctivitis | conjuctiva becomes inflamed and red |
| eye lacerations | controlled with gentle pressure, dry dressing |
| hyphema | bleeding in anterior eye |
| blow-out fracture | fragments of fractured bone scatter and can sometimes cause someone to have double vision (looks like eyes are crossed) |
| Turbinates | layers of bone in nasal chamber |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in soft tissues, crackling sensation |
| how long after ovulation do women menstruate? | about 14 days |
| Menarche | onset of menstruation (11-16 years) |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease, unsteady gait, lower abdominal pain |
| Where would you feel for general body temp? | abdomen |
| how long until a person can no longer shiver? | below 90 degrees F |
| Five ways to release heat | convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation, respiration |
| convection | heat is transferred to circulating air |
| by the 20th week of pregnancy | the uterus is above or at mother's belly button |
| Frequency of contractions | start of one to start of next |
| How should you position pregnant women? | on their left side |
| Status asthmaticus | prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved |
| normal rr for newborn | greater than or equal to 60 BPM |
| When is BP not taken? | taken at all ages |
| Cyanide | has the smell of almonds |
| Orthostatic hypotension | whena person stands, bp drops |
| immediate transport patients in mass casualty | 2 at a time |
| moderate radiation toxicity | hair loss and first degree burns |
| cerebrum | controls most voluntary motor function and conscious thought |
| cerebellum | coordinates balance and movement |
| brainstem | controls functions necessary for life |
| meninges | 3 distinct layers of tissue that suspend the brain and spinal cord within skull and spinal canal |
| cervical | 7 |
| thoracic | 12 |
| lumbar | 5 |
| sacruum | 5 |
| coccyx | 4 |
| signs of skull fracture | ecchymosis (bruising) that develops under eyes (racoon eyes) or behind ear over mastoid process (battle sign) |
| linear skull fracture | nondisplaced. account for 80% of all skull fractures |
| Basilar skull fracture | CSF drainage from nose or ears step further than linear skull fractures (around ears) |
| Coup contrecoup injury | as brain strikes front of head, body begins movement backwards, head falls against head rest so brain slams into rear of skull |
| Cerebral edema | swelling of brain, may not develop til hours later |
| central neurogenic hyperventilation | deep, rapid breathing as a result of increased ICP from either swelling or bleeding |
| epidural hematoma | accumulation of blood between skull and dura mater |
| subdural hematoma | accumulation of blood below dura mater but outside of brain |
| intracerebral hematoma | bleeding within brain tissue |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage | bleeding in subarachnoid space where CSF accumulates |
| retrograde amnesia | can remember everything but events leads up to |
| anterograde amnesia | inability to remember events after injury |
| Only remove a helmet if | it is full face or if makes assessing/managing airway problems difficult, can't immobilize spine, allows excessive head movement |
| fascia | fibrous tissue |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle |
| fracture | broken bone; break in continuity of bone |
| nondisplaced fracture | hairline, simple crack of bone |
| comminuted fracture | bone is broken into more than two fragments |
| greenstick | incomplete fracture that passes only part way through shaft of bone |
| oblique | bone is broken at an angle across the bone |
| pathologic | fracture of weakened or diseased bone |
| crepitus | grating and grinding sensation |
| false motion | where movement is not expected/should not occur |
| sprain | when joint is twisted or stretched normal range of motion |
| strain | stretching or tearing of muscle and or tendon |
| traction splints | used for lower extremity injuries only |
| compartment syndrome | limb-threatening condition characterized by localized tissue swelling within a compartment where BF decreases |
| DOPE | Displacement, Obstruction, Pneumothorax, Equipment failure |
| REMS | Geriatric, Environment, Meds, Social |
Created by:
seylers