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NUR 237 Neuro 1
chapter 21,22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do arteries do? | Have rich, red, oxygenated blood that is carried away from heart for body to use |
| what do veins do? | Dirty blood, deoxygenated blood carried to the heart |
| what do afferent nerves do? | carry Signals from the toes to the brain |
| what do efferent nerves do? | carry signals from brain to feet |
| what is the reflex arc? | Transportation of neve stimulus from thumb to saying ow or receiving the nervous system signal to receptor the brain. The straightest way from stimulus to receptor |
| what does the sympathetic nervous system do and what 2 things influence it? | Fight or flight voluntary response • Reacts to 2 instances, stress and low blood sugar |
| what does the parasympathetic system do? | responsbile for rest and digest is autonomous and lowers or maintains heart beat, lungs, intestine, bladder |
| What is LOC? | Level of consciousness, alert to time, place, person and situation, written as Ax4 |
| What is reflex arc?) | Stimulus signal fastest way to the brain (receptor) described as straight line. |
| What does ECPI stand for? | East Coast Polytech Institute |
| What is the ECPI Address | 7802 Airport center drive Greensboro NC 27409 |
| List 8 nursing skills | • Catheter • NG tubes • Wound dressing • Sterile technique • Ambulation • Vital signs • Trach care • Medication administration |
| What is the difference between cranial nerves and spinal nerves? | Cranial in brain and spinal in spine that branch off |
| What facility are you assigned to? | Friends’ homes west, 6100 W Friendly Avenue, Greensboro |
| MD to remove hematoma. What consent forms does he need to sign? | To do craniotomy and craniectomy |
| What is dopamine? | It is a neurotransmitter lack of this neurotransmitter results in Parkinson’s |
| What does PERRLA mean? | Pupils are equal round and reactive to light or accommodation and can be ipsilateral if not uniform or symmetrical |
| What is Epilepsy? | Is a condition in which 2 or more seizures are diagnosed |
| What is seizure? | A symptom an occurrence note trauma to head or high temp |
| Epilepsy nursing considerations? | Dont live alone, wear medical bracelets, don’t shower or drive alone. |
| what to do during a seizure? | note the time, duration, how the person presents i they move to left or right, 4-6 minutes start compression call code blue |
| What is a nerve cell? | Neuron and when checking neuro check you check for vital signs and if cranial nerves are intact |
| What is paralysis and what is paresthesia? | Involuntary nonmovement of body and numbness and tingling of body part |
| what is post ictal ? | after seizure, can sleep for hours or all-day synapse misfire. |
| decribe Status epilepticus | unrelenting, seizures won’t stop and will stop breathing. |
| Layers of the brain | • Dura mater outer layer underneath the skull that protects the brain and spinal cord • Arachnoid mater • Pia mater closest to the brain |
| teach about schwann cells | can regenerate, with people with multiple sclerosis this would fade away caused by genetic or environment |
| What is Huntington? | Intellect decreases involuntary movements |
| This structure in the brain is responsible for respiration | Pons |
| What are Dermatomes? | Pathway nerves in the skin |
| What is trigeminal arthralgia? | slightest touch cause pain, cranial nerve 5, mastication and chewing |
| cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal? | tongue movement and swallowing, taste sour and bitter |
| cranial nerve XI? | Spinal accessory neuro check place hand on shoulder pressure against it |
| Cranial nerve XII | hypoglossal tongue movement and swallowing and speech |
| what does the cerebrum do? | : intellect, cognition, constantly learning, stores memories and voluntary movement |
| Cerebellum: responsbile for? | for coordination of movement, posture and balance |
| what does the midbrain do? | controls the CNS, V/S and homeostasis |
| what does brain stem do? | vitals and temperature |
| Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine Excitatory or Inhibitory Neurotransmitters? | are catecholamines, are excitable neurotransmitters |
| Dopamine: Excitatory or Inhibitory Neurotransmitters? | responsible for movement and posture, decrease in this neurotransmitter results in Parkinson’s diagnoses. Treatment includes levodopa carbidopa |
| what does seratonin do? | for sleep or influence in sleep and wake cycles |
| what does GABA do? | inhibits excessive discharge of neurons |
| Glutamic acid: do? | helps with intellect and reasoning |
| Endorphins:what do they do? | mimics opiates for pain control |
| how is brain abscess described? | infection can see in MRI pocket of pus found. Dull persistent headache won’t go away do cat scan dr see pocket of pus infection |
| • Degenerative Nerves diseases | Parkinsons or cranial nerve problems, bell palsy or trigeminal neuralgia number 5, nerve pain |
| • Who are more at risk for developing injury in motor vehicles? | High schoolers |
| What is the Glasco coma scale? | • Test verbal, eyes and reflexes. The higher the score the more alert person is check reflexes on both sides |
| what is an EEG | a recording of brain activtiy |
| what is an EMG | electromyogram leads on arms and hit button to see muscle react to shock and nerve damage |
| o Babinski reflex ? | pen or finger and take it we rolled up on outer sole of hands or fingers. Your muscles curve inward. |
| o Knee jerk reflex? | with reflex hammer, sitting down hit patella and knee jumps |
| o Oculocephalic, baby dolls, eyes ? | eyes turn same direction as the head |
| How to do Neuro checks? | • Check cranial nerves • Balance by Romberg test stand on Right and Left leg without losing balance cranial nerve 2. |
| TBI? | Most common modes of injury are falls, being struck by an object and motor vehicle crashes. • Projectile vomiting foggy brain |
| ICP? | • Brain abscess that is purulent/ PUS CSF, glucose, wbc and proteins found, headache or diabetes inspidous complications |
| what to report to doctor? | o headache unrelenting, CSF leaking, widen pulse pressure, pupil did not dilate the same, projectile vomiting (call doctor yesterday) |
| You demonstrate understanding of the physiologic changes in the nervous system associated with aging by: | providing extra time for the patient to process and answer questions. |
| A nurse scrapes an object along the sole of a patient's foot and notes that the great toe bends upward and the smaller toes fan outward. suggest? | motor abnormality of the cortex. |
| You assess consensual reflex of the eyes. To do this, you: | shine a light in one eye and observe for any change in the other eye's pupil. |
| Which nursing intervention(s) would be appropriate when providing care for a patient with right hemiplegia from a stroke? | 2. Protecting the right extremities during transfers 4. Using a sling on the affected arm to promote better balance 5. Initiating ROM exercises |
| expressive aphasia. What responses might you expect from the patient upon showing the patient a key and asking, “What is this?” | The patient responds, “Argh ooh.” |
| “neuro” check on a patient who is admitted with a stroke. Which assessments will be done? | 1. Direct light reflex 2. Balance and coordination Vital signs 6. Alertness and orientation |
| You are providing discharge instructions to an older adult male who experienced a stroke. You notice that the patient seems indifferent to teaching. You must consider: | talking to the spouse or daughter |
| When giving instructions to a patient with some dysphagia, further teaching is needed if the patient states: | “I can watch my crime show on TV while I eat.” |
| 9. With an open hand, you press over the flaccid bladder of a patient. When questioned regarding this nursing action, an appropriate response would be: | The technique assists with complete bladder emptying.” |
| . You use the Glasgow Coma Scale to evaluate the neurologic responses of a patient. The patient opens their eyes to pain, makes incomprehensible verbal sounds, and extends their extremities with pain. The score would suggest: | coma. |
| subdural hematoma. | “Bleeding occurs between the skull and the dura mater. |
| A nurse is admitting a patient with a possible basilar skull fracture. | Battle sign Ecchymosis around eyes Rhinorrhea |
| . Which statement by a high school athlete being discharged after experiencing a concussion indicates a need for more teaching? | “I can go to football practice tomorrow.” |
| . You keep a postcraniotomy patient's neck in midline position and ensure that there is no excessive hip flexion. The rationale for your action would be that this position: | prevents a further increase in intracranial pressure. |
| 5. A nursing assistant is attending to the needs of a patient with a head injury who is lethargic and has increased ICP. Which action by the nursing assistant indicates a need for further instruction? | Monitoring blood pressure every shift |
| The classic signs of increased ICP include which of the following? | . Rising systolic blood pressure 2. Widening pulse pressure 3. Bradycardia |
| . The surgeon inserts an intraventricular catheter into the lateral ventricle of a patient with increased ICP. When asked by a relative about the procedure, an accurate response would be: | “The catheter is used to remove excess fluid inside the brain.” |
| T6 spinal cord injury. He has flaccid paralysis, slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, and no bowel sounds. The patient must be developing: | . spinal shock. |
| T4 spinal cord injury suddenly complains of severe headache, increased pulse rate, sweating, flushing above the level of the spinal cord lesion, and “goosebumps” below the level of injury. Which immediate nursing action(s) | Identify the cause of stimulation. 3. Administer ordered antihypertensives. 4. Loosen tight clothing. |
| Postoperative pain management for the patient with lumbar surgery may include | use of ice packs on the area of back pain for up to 20 minutes each hour while awake for the first 48 hours. 4. higher dosing of opioids delivered by PCA. |
Created by:
josalo