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Micro Ch.18 Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the statements is incorrect regarding the similarities and differences between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems? Although the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems run virtually parallel to each other, blood and lymphatic fluid never mixes. Both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system comprise a series of vessels that run roughly parallel to each other. The cardiovascular system is a closed circuit, whereas the lymphatic system directs fluid in one direction only. | Although the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems run virtually parallel to each other, blood and lymphatic fluid never mixes. |
| Nowadays, HIV is more of a chronic disease than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s. In addition to lifesaving medications, education and testing has also lowered the number of new cases annually. This means that in general ________. incidence is decreasing and prevalence is increasing prevalence is decreasing and incidence is increasing incidence and prevalence are both increasing incidence and prevalence are both decreasing | incidence is decreasing and prevalence is increasing |
| In anthrax, Bacillus anthracis gains access to the bloodstream where it multiplies in large numbers resulting in death from an overwhelming ________. skin infection septicemia state of dehydration viremia | septicemia |
| Hemorrhagic fever diseases such as yellow fever, Dengue fever, and Ebola are caused by ________, whereas nonhemorrhagic fever diseases such as brucellosis, Q fever, and cat-scratch fever have ________ as the causative agents of disease. viruses; bacteria bacteria; viruses bacteria; protozoans viruses; protozoans | viruses; bacteria |
| Choose the phrase that best describes the virulence factor shared by the yellow fever, Dengue fever, Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa fever viruses to test your understanding of hemorrhagic fever diseases. Associated with lysis of red blood cells Associated with agglutination of red blood cells Associated with disruption of clotting factors Associated with activation of the complement system Associated with production of antihemoglobin antibodies | Associated with disruption of clotting factors |
| Choose the phrase that correctly describes acute endocarditis. Most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus Most often caused by oral cavity Streptococci Most often preceded by some form of damage to the heart valve Even untreated this condition is not fatal | Most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus |
| Choose the statement that describes the normal biota of the cardiovascular system in a healthy state to test your understanding of the cardiovascular system. Many types of microorganisms colonize the cardiovascular system. Only a few types of bacteria colonize the cardiovascular system. No microorganisms colonize the cardiovascular system. No microbes have ever been found to be present in the cardiovascular system. | No microorganisms colonize the cardiovascular system. |
| Bacillus anthracis exhibits characteristics that make it a model organism to be exploited as an agent of bioterrorism. Those characteristics include ________. the ability to produce a tripartite toxin and polypeptide capsule as virulence factors difficulty diagnosing and therefore treating because the manifestations mimic other, more common diseases All of the choices reflect characteristics that make B. anthracis a candidate for bioterrorism. | All of the choices reflect characteristics that make B. anthracis a candidate for bioterrorism. |
| Since the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are not directly accessible to microbes ________. it was initially believed that the systems lacked normal biota, however the Human Microbiome Project suggests that low levels of microbes may exist in the healthy state both systems are sterile in the healthy state the abundant microbiota enter via the gastrointestinal tract then cross the blood vessels the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that only pathogens exist in both systems | it was initially believed that the systems lacked normal biota, however the Human Microbiome Project suggests that low levels of microbes may exist in the healthy state |
| While the cardiovascular system can be breached by microorganisms, mechanisms are in place to prevent infection. These include ________. a close association with the lymphatic system which screens and filters the blood blood vessels that are impermeable to microorganisms toxic chemicals that will kill any microbes that enter the bloodstream a connective tissue fibrous mesh that filters the blood within the vessels, preventing pathogens from circulating | a close association with the lymphatic system which screens and filters the blood |
| All of the following pertain to HIV except ________. attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors initial infection often associated with vague symptoms becomes latent in host cells ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities | ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens |
| All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except they ________. have an immunodeficiency have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States | have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States |
| Retroviruses have the following characteristics except ________. glycoprotein spikes DNA genome enveloped reverse transcriptase viral genes integrate into the host genome | DNA genome |
| Anthrax is ________. a zoonosis transmitted by contact, inhalation, and ingestion a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia only seen sporadically in the United States All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except ________. capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors a one-time vaccine provides lifelong immunity reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil gram-positive bacillus spore former | a one-time vaccine provides lifelong immunity |
| Malaria may be prevented by ________. using bed nets sprayed with insecticide eliminating standing water taking prophylactic drugs decreasing the mosquito population All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by ________. liver cell lysis white blood cell lysis red blood cell lysis neurological involvement None of the choices are correct. | red blood cell lysis |
| Which of the following is mismatched? Yersinia pestis—plague Coxiella burnetii—Q fever Brucellosis melitensis—undulating fever Bartonella henselae—cat-scratch disease Rickettsia typhi—Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rickettsia typhi—Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg? Caused by filoviruses Disruption of clotting factors Transmitted by direct contact with body fluids Transmitted by mosquitoes There is no treatment for these viruses | Transmitted by mosquitoes |
| Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include ________. vesicular lesions in oral mucosa fever and pocks on skin sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and retinitis None of the choices are correct. | sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly |
| Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except it ________. is more commonly found in adults is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva produces sudden leukocytosis has a 30- to 50-day incubation can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants | is more commonly found in adults |
| Lyme disease involves ________. early symptoms of fever, headache, and stiff neck crippling polyarthritis, and cardiovascular and neurological problems people having contact with ticks treatment with antimicrobials All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| Plague includes ________. septicemic form; called Black Death bubonic form; buboes develop pneumonic form; sputum highly contagious disease control; control of rodent population All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except ________. transmitted by human feces caused by Yersinia pestis patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes patient has fever, headache, nausea, and weakness can progress to a septicemia | transmitted by human feces |
| All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except ________. occurs in patients that have prior heart damage caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in a vegetation signs and symptoms include fever, heart murmur, and possible emboli | caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue |
| The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the ________. epicardium myocardium endocardium pericardium ectocardium | pericardium |
| The blood is full of leukocytes, such as ________, which are responsible for adaptive immunity, and various phagocytes, which are critical to both innate and adaptive immune responses. lymphocytes mast cells neutrophils natural killer cells | lymphocytes |
| A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is ________. leukemia Hodgkin's lymphoma Kaposi's sarcoma melanoma myeloma | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Documented transmission of HIV involves ________. mosquitoes unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products respiratory droplets contaminated food All of the choices are correct. | unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products |
| A common cardiovascular/lymph system disease in AIDS patients is ________. acute endocarditis Burkitt's lymphoma herpes simplex virus ehrlichioses brucellosis | Burkitt's lymphoma |
| The causative organism of malaria is a ________. bacterium virus fungus protozoan prion | protozoan |
| Cat-scratch fever can be prevented by ________. avoiding ticks pasteurizing milk vaccine animal control cleaning the scratch wound | cleaning the scratch wound |
| Which is incorrect regarding Q fever? Transmitted by lice Pathogen produces resistant spores Humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread Causes fever, muscle aches, rash, and sometimes pneumonia Is a zoonosis | Transmitted by lice |
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever ________. is seen in highest numbers along the west coast is transmitted by Ixodes ticks symptoms include fever, headache, and rash never has severe complications All of the choices are correct. | symptoms include fever, headache, and rash |
| The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is ________. Salmonella typhimurium Yersinia enterocolitica Bartonella henselae Brucella suis Francisella tularensis | Bartonella henselae |
| Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent ________. tularemia plague endocarditis brucellosis mononucleosis | brucellosis |
| Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in bones? Lassa fever Ebola Marburg Dengue fever Yellow fever | Dengue fever |
| Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with ribavirin? Lassa fever Ebola Marburg Dengue fever Yellow fever | Lassa fever |
| Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever? Yellow fever Ehrlichiosis Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever None of the choices are correct. | Yellow fever |
| Which of the following requires direct contact with infected body fluids? Yellow fever Dengue fever Ehrlichiosis Lassa fever Chikungunya | Lassa fever |
| Lyme disease is transmitted by ________. flies droplets lice fleas ticks | ticks |
| The white-footed mouse, deer, and deer ticks are important to maintaining the transmission cycle associated with ________. Lyme disease yellow fever Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever plague | Lyme disease |
| Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with ________. plague Rocky Mountain spotted fever Q fever Lyme disease yellow fever | Lyme disease |
| The causative agent of Lyme disease is ________. Ixodes scapularis Borrelia hermsii Borrelia burgdorferi Ixodes pacificus Leptospira interrogans | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Rabbits and other rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of ________. tularemia anthrax malaria brucellosis mononucleosis | tularemia |
| Control of rodent populations is important for preventing _________. brucellosis plague malaria Q fever All of the choices are correct. | plague |
| Bubonic plague is transmitted by _________. mosquitos flies animal bites sexual contact fleas | fleas |
| Yersinia pestis ________. was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent has humans as an endemic reservoir does not respond to antimicrobial drugs is usually transmitted by a flea vector All of the choices are correct. | is usually transmitted by a flea vector |
| Which of the following is not true of septicemia? Fever and shaking chills Respiratory acidosis Endotoxic shock Parenteral or endogenous transfer Drop in blood pressure | Respiratory acidosis |
| 50. Most cases of septicemia are caused by ________. | gram-negative bacteria |
| 51. Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ________. | intravenous drug use or invasive medical procedures |
| 52. The common causative agent of acute endocarditis is ________. | Staphylococcus aureus |
| 53. ________ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream. | Septicemia |
| 54. The presence of viruses in the blood is called ________. | viremia |
| Chapter 18 Study Material Jamie Garrison |
Created by:
Mmm2024