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Vocab: U11
Vocabulary for Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | Any of a class of substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts. |
| base | Any of a class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts |
| salt | a chemical compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or its equivalent |
| Arrhenius acid | A substance which releases hydrogen ions(H+) in solution |
| Arrhenius base | A substance which releases hydroxide ions(OH-) in solution |
| operational definition of an acid | Any substance that increases the concentration of the H+ ion when dissolved in water |
| Operational definition of a base | Any substance that increases the concentration of the OH- ion when dissolved in water |
| bronsted-lowery acid | Any substance that can "donate" hydrogen ions(H+) or protons to bases which "accept" them |
| Bronsted-Lowery base | Any substance that can "accept" hydrogen ions(H+) or protons from acids which "donate" them |
| pH | A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral soltuions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. Commonly uses a rage of 0 to 14. |
| pOH | A logarithmic scale measuring the acidity(or basicness) of a solution. It is based on the amount of OH- in the solution |
| strong acid | An acid with a high degree of dissociation in solution; for example HCl or H2SO4 |
| weak acid | An acid that does not ionize greatly; for example acetic acid and carbonic acid |
| strong base | A base with a high degree of dissociation in solution; for example NaOH or KOH |
| weak base | A chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution; for example ammonia |
| electrolyte | A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium |
| indicator | Any of various substances, such as litmus, that indicate the presence, absence, or concentration of another substance or the degree of reaction between two or more substances by means of a characteristic change, especially color. |
| litmus paper | An unsized white paper impregnated with litmus and used as a pH or acid base indicator |
| phenolpthalein | A white or pale yellow crystalline powder, C20H14O4, used as an acid-base indicator, in making dyes, and formerly in medicine as a laxative. Because its toxic, it is no longer used as an over the counter laxative. |
| neutralization reaction | A reaction between an acid and a base that yeilds a salt and water |
| titration | the process of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration and then calculating the unknown concentration. |
| end point | the point of titration at which no more titrant should be added. it is determined, for example, by a color change in an indicator or by the appearance of a precipitate. |
| equivalence point | the point of titration where the ammounts of titrant and material being titrated are equivalent chemcially. |
| hydronium | a hydrated hydrogen ion, H3O+ |
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