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Mythology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Saturn Greek name | Cronus |
| Saturn Ruled over | the Titans until Zues, his son, defeated him and took the throne -he took the throne from his father |
| Saturn character traits | Powerful - he was the leader of the Titans |
| Olympus was | the home of the gods |
| Olympus location | It was at first described as a mountain top (Mt. Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain) Eventually, Olympus started to be described as a mysterious place above the earth |
| Olympus description | It is a beautiful and divine place -entrance: great gate of clouds kept by the Seasons |
| Zues Roman name | Jupiter (largest planet = Z is most powerful Olympic god) |
| Zues was | Supreme Ruler of the Olympic Gods = Lord of the Sky (rain and cloud) |
| Zues's family | brother to poseidon and hades |
| Zues character traits | Flawed - can be tricked Unfaithful in his marriage Values loyalty and honesty |
| Saturn symbols | -fertility and harvest -ruled during golden age |
| Saturn family | -son of Uranus and Gea (Caelus and Terra) (sky and earth) (among first gods to exsist) -Father of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus |
| Hera Roman name | Roman name: Juno |
| Hera ruler of | marriage and protector of married women |
| Hera's family | Zues’s wife and sister Raised by Titans Ocean and Tethys |
| Hera's symbol | Symbol = cow, peacock, Argos was her favorite city |
| Hera's character traits | Revengeful and jelious- punishes women zues loves Merciless - Trojan soldier called Aphrodite more beautiful , so she manipulates war to sway events in favor of Greeks. Quest of the Golden Fleece - only here she is protector of heroes |
| Poseidon Roman name | Roman name: Neptune |
| Poseidon Ruler of | Ruler of the sea, earthquakes, and horses |
| Poseidon's family | Brother to Zues and Hades Husband to Amphitrite, a granddaughter of Ocean |
| Poseidon's symbols | Symbol = bulls, horses, trident |
| Poseidon's character traits | Powerful - second most powerful god (Zues is the Supreme Ruler) Gentle - the ocean calms when he rides his golden car over the water Violent - he was often called “Earth-shaker” |
| Hades Roman name | Roman name: Pluto |
| Hades Family | Younger brother of Zues and Poseidon |
| Hades Ruler of | Ruler of the underworld, the dead, and precious metals |
| Hades symbol | Symbol = a cap or helmet that makes the wearer invisible |
| Hades personality | Reclusive - rarely leaves the underworld to visit Olympus or earth Unpitying - keeps souls trapped in underworld Terrible not evil Inexorable - the world would erupt into chaos if he allowed souls to persuade him into setting them free |
| Athena Roman name | Roman name: Minerva |
| Athena family | Favorite child of Zues Has no mother -created/born from Zues's head fully grown and fully armed |
| Athena Ruler of | Mainly the ruler of civilized life, handicrafts, weavers, and farming goddess of war, handicraft, and wisdom and the patroness of Athens. |
| Athena symbols | Symbol = Athens was her city, olive tree, owl |
| Athena characteristics | Gray-eyed Embodiment of wisdom Pure - she is a maiden goddess Ruthless and fierce - she is described as a battle-goddess in the Iliad |
| phoebus Apollo Roman name | Roman name: Phoebus Apollo (his name was not changed by the Romans) |
| Phoebus Apollo Family | Son of Zues and Leto |
| Phoebus Apollo Ruler of | God of light, the sun, archery, truth, the arts ( music, arts, poetry, and dance), prophecy, and healing -creativity and inspiration |
| Pheobus Apollo symbols | Symbol = laurel tree, dolphin, crow |
| Phoebus Apollo characteristics | Honest - he never tells a lie He has no darkness within him -creative -fun -inpiring |
| Artemis Roman name | Roman name: Diana |
| Artmemis Family | Apollo’s twin sister |
| Artemis Ruler of | Ruler of wild things, the hunt, the moon, the dark of the moon, and crossways -the protector of the young |
| Godess of three forms | Atrimis She has three forms: Selene (the moon goddess), Artemis, and Hecate (goddess of the dark nights when the moon invisible) -earth, sky, and lower world |
| Artemis characteristics | Fierce - would not allow a Greek fleet to sail to Troy unless they sacrificed a young girl to her Honorable and empathetic- she protects the youth Independent and pure - she is one of the three maiden goddesses |
| Aphrodite Roman name | Roman name: Venus |
| Aphrodite Ruler of | Goddess of love and beauty |
| Aphrodite Family | Daughter of Zues and Dione, but later poems say she came from the foam of the sea Wife of Hephaestus |
| Aphrodite symbol | Symbol: Cythera, Cyprian, myrtle tree, dove, sparrow, swan |
| Aphrodite characterisitcs | Beautiful and attractive - she charmed all men and gods Lovely - happiness and beauty cannot exist without her Deceitful and manipulative - she tricks men into falling in love with her |
| Hermes Roaman name | Roman name: Mercury |
| Hermes family | His father is Zues, and Maia is his mother |
| Hermes Ruler of | He was the god of commerce, the god of the market, the protector of traders and the guide of the dead |
| Hermes symbol | Symbols: winged sandals, winged low-crowned hat, a magic wand with the Caduceus |
| Hermes characteristics | Shrewd and cunning - he was skilled at thieving |
| Ares Roman name | Roman name: Mars |
| Ares Ruler of | God of war |
| Ares family | His parents are Zues and Hera |
| Ares symbols | Symbols: vulture, dog |
| Ares characteristics | Ruthless and vengeful - he enjoys bloodshed Despite being murderous and bloodstained, he is a coward who flees when he is injured |
| Hephaestus Roman name | Roman name: Vulcan and Mulciber |
| Hephaestus Ruler of | The god of fire and blacksmiths He makes armor and furnishings for the gods |
| Hephaestus Family | His parents are sometimes said to be Zues and Hera, but sometimes he is only Hera’s child His wife is Aglaia or Aphrodite |
| Hephaestus symbols | |
| Hephaestus Charcateristics | Ugly - unlike the other Olympiann Kind and peace-loving |
| hestia Roman name | Roman name: Vesta |
| hestia family | Zue’s sister |
| Hestia ruler of | Goddess of the hearth, the symbol of the home Every city had a public hearth sacred to her, fire was never allowed to go out Vestials: six virgin presists who cared for the fire |
| hestia symbols | |
| hestia charcteristics | pure- One of the three virgin goddesses No distinct personality, plays no part in the myths |
| the graces number in group | three |
| the graces family | Daughters of Zeus and Eurynome |
| the graces characteristics | They are not treated as separate personalities Incarnation of grace and beauty “Queens of song” |
| the Muses number in group | Number in group: 9 |
| the Muses characteristics | At first they were not distinguished from each other, but in later times each had their own special field Artistic: music, poetry, dance, mathematics (a little out of place), astronomy, comedy |
| the Muses family | Daughters of zeus and Mnemosyne, memory Companions of Apollo (the god of truth) and the Graces |
| Zues's children | ares (hera's too), Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, Hermes, Artemis, |
| zues's symbols | -aegis (breastplate), eagle, oak tree, oricle was Dodona in the land of oak trees, |
| Virgin Godessess | hestia, athena, artemis |
| artemis symboles | Symbol = silver arrows |
| how muses and graces are different | The Graces focus on beauty , charm, grace, and social pleasures, while the Muses are associated with intellectual and artistic inspiration. |
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