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A&P Ch5&Lab Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four primary tissue classes | epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular |
| Which epithelial tissues provide the best protection? | Stratified squamous epithelium would have excellent protection as it is several cells thick. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia would provide good movement of mucus and trapped particles away from the lungs.(lab manual p74) |
| Transitional epithelium | Consists of several layers of cube-shaped, elongated, and irregular cells |
| Transitional epithelium | Forms inner lining of urinary bladder |
| Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the airways |
| Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Nuclei located at different levels within cells |
| Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Forms linings of trachea and bronchi |
| Simple squamous epithelium | Single layer of flattened cells |
| Simple squamous epithelium | Forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Younger cells cuboidal, older cells flattened |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Forms lining of oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium | Lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands |
| Simple columnar epithelium | Forms lining of stomach and intestines |
| Simple columnar epithelium | Nuclei located near basement membrane |
| Functions as heat insulator beneath skin | Adipose |
| Binds skin to underlying organs | Areolar connective |
| Contains large amounts of fluid and lacks fibers | Blood |
| Cells arranged around central canal | Bone (compact) |
| Main tissue of dermis | Dense irregular connective |
| Main tissue of tendons and ligaments | Dense regular connective |
| Forms framework of outer ear | Elastic cartilage |
| Occurs in ligament attachments between vertebrae and artery walls | Elastic connective |
| Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers | Fibrocartilage |
| Forms the flexible part of the nasal septum | Hyaline cartilage |
| Forms supporting tissue in walls of thymus and spleen | Reticular connective |
| Explain the structural tissue characteristics that make the spleen so vulnerable to serious injury | Spleen is composed of reticular connective tissue. This type of tissue contains only short, thin, collaginous fibers (reticular fibers) that are widely scattered. The result is a delicate distribution of fibers among cells and a fluid ground substance. |
| Contains intercalated discs | Cardiac muscle |
| Striated and involuntary | Cardiac muscle |
| Muscle that composes heart | Cardiac muscle |
| Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions | Nervous tissue |
| Contains neurons and neuroglia | Nervous tissue |
| Transmits impulses along cellular processes | Nervous tissue |
| Striated and voluntary | Skeletal muscle |
| Muscle attached to bones | Skeletal muscle |
| Muscle that lacks striations | Smooth muscle |
| Moves food through the digestive tract | Smooth muscle |
| Can tell difference between tissue classes | types and functions of cells, characteristics of the matrix, and the space occupied by cells versus matrix |
| 3 primary germ layers in an embryo | ectoderm (outer), endoderm (inner), mesoderm (middle) |
| Ectoderm forms | epidermis and nervous system (outer) |
| Endoderm forms | mucous membrane forming the GI tract and respiratory system (inner) |
| Mesoderm forms | becomes mesenchyme which becomes muscle, bone, blood (middle) |
| Epithelial tissues description | 1)closely adhering cells, no blood vessels, basement membrane anchors it to connective tissue 2)line body surface and body cavities 3)look like fried eggs next to each other |
| Simple squamous epithelium | Appears: Single row of flat cells Function: permits diffusion of substances, secretes serous fluid Locations: alveoli (lungs), glomeruli (kidneys), endothelium (inside layer), and serosa |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium | Appears: Single row cube shaped with microvilli (increases surface area, looks like hairs) Function: absorption and secretion, mucus production Location: salivary glands, kidney tubules |
| Simple columnar epithelium | Appears: Single row tall, narrow cells, has microvilli, has goblet cells Function: absorption and secretion, mucus secretion Locations: lining of GI tract (uterus) |
| Ciliated pseudostratified Columnar epithelium | Appears: single row some not reaching free surface, has cilia, and goblet cells Function: secretes and propels respiratory mucus Locations: respiratory system |
| Cilia | little hairs that propel substances one place to another or away (ex: mucus of trachea produced by goblet cells then on top of cilia and propelled or swept up and away) |
| Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Appears: multi-layered epithelium covered with dead squamous cells packed with keratin, dry layer Function: retards water loss and a protection/immunity function Location: epidermis of skin |
| Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium | Appears: multi-layered surface epithelium forming a moist, slippery layer Locations: tongue, vagina |
| Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium | Appears: layered surface square surface cells Function: secretes sweat Locations: sweat glands |
| Transitional Epithelium | Appears: multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched (Function: stretches, fills urinary tract) Location: bladder |
| Connective tissue functions | connects organs, gives support and protection (physical & immune), stores energy and produces heat, movement and transport of materials (know to recognize, not list) |
| Cells of connective tissue | fibroblasts (produce fibers), immune cells, adipocytes (store fat) |
| Connective tissue fibers (know to recognize/understand) | 1)collagen: white, tough, stretch resistant yet flexible, tendons, ligaments, deep layer of skin 2)reticular: thin, framework, mesh, in spleen & lymph nodes 3)elastic: yellow, thin, branching, for stretch & recoil, skin, lungs, arteries |
| Four Connective Tissue types | fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood |
| Fibrous connective tissue types | 1)Loose – areolar, reticular, adipose 2) Dense – regular, irregular |
| Areolar tissue | Appears: roadmap with cities and highways Function/Location: underlies all epithelia, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels (Connective – Fibrous – Loose -) |
| Reticular tissue | Appears: cherry blossom tree Function: forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs Location: lymph nodes, bone marrow (Connective – Fibrous – Loose - ) |
| Adipose tissue | Appears: empty, thin margins, nucleus up against membrane Function: energy storage, insulation, cushioning Locations: hypodermis (& around organs) (Connective – Fibrous – Loose - ) |
| Dense regular tissue | Appears: waves, parallel collagen fibers, fibroblasts Function: hold bones together and attach muscles to bones Location: tendons, ligaments (Connective – Fibrous – Dense - ) |
| Dense irregular tissue | Appears: Monet sky, randomly arranged collagen fibers Function: Withstands stresses applied in different directions Location: deeper layer of skin, capsules around organs (Connective – Fibrous – Dense - ) |
| Two primary tissue types without blood vessels | stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) and cartilage |
| Three types of cartilage | hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
| Cartilage description | supportive connective tissue with rubbery matrix, no blood vessels, chondroblasts form cartilage and become chondrocytes when surrounded |
| Hyaline cartilage | Appears: eyeballs in water (chrondrocytes in lacunae-openings) Function: Supports airway, eases joint movement Location: ends of bones, sternal ends of ribs, fetal skeleton (Connective – Cartilage - ) |
| Elastic cartilage | Appears: like hyaline’s eyeballs in water but darker, denser elastic fibers Function: flexible, elastic support Location: external ear, epiglottis (covers larynx) (Connective – Cartilage - ) |
| Fibrocartilage | Appears: candy-cane beef jerky with pepper (chondrocyte in lacuna) Function: resists compression and absorbs shock Location: pubic symphysis (pad of cartilage at pubic bone base), meniscus (knee), intervertebral discs |
| Two types bone tissue | Spongy (covered by compact bone, found in heads of long bones) and Compact (solid in appearance, osteon, central canal, osteocytes in lacunae) |
| Function of bone tissue | skeletal support, leverage for muscles, mineral storage |
| Blood description and location | liquid connective tissue Location: heart and blood vessels |
| Nerve tissue | Function: internal communication between cells Location: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia |
| Three tissue types of muscle | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| Skeletal muscle | striations, multiple nuclei, voluntary movement |
| Cardiac muscle | striations, one nucleus, involuntary movement, intercalated discs |
| Smooth muscle | nonstriated, one nucleus, involuntary movement |
| Fibroblasts | produce the fibers and ground substance of the matrix in fibrous connective tissues |
Created by:
LADYbugg