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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | The study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils. |
| Archaeology | The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them. |
| Hominid | Humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright. |
| Homo sapiens sapeins | "Wise, wise humans"; a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans. |
| "out-of-Africa" theory | Also called the replacement theory; this theory refers to when Homo sapiens sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing ppulations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia. |
| Domestication | Adapted to life with and to the advantage of humans. |
| Paleolithic | relating to or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used. |
| Neolithic | relating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed. |
| Catalhuyuk | Çatalhuyuk is a part of a very large Neolithic city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 6400 BC and flourished around 7000 BC. |
| Surplus food | Surplus food is when there is too much food for a settlement, ending up with a surplus and usually, the food will end up rotting or wasting. |