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Bio: Chapter 1
Biostats I - Basic Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The raw material of statistics is _____, which we can define as numbers. | Data |
| In statistics, there are two kinds of numbers: those resulting from _______ and those resulting from ________ | measurement and counting |
| involves obtaining a numerical value through some form of measurement activity | Measurement |
| ___________ measurements are from the process of counting. | Counting |
| a data investigation technology | Statistics |
| The two main aspects of statistics: | - Collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data. - Drawing inferences about data when only part if it is observed. |
| Data are numbers that contain information and the purpose of statistics is to ________ and _____ the nature and meaning of this information. | - Investigate - Evaluate |
| Date serving as raw material for investigation are called: | Data Source |
| Data sources are typically available from the following: | - Routinely Kept Records - Surveys - Experiments - Existing Data Source |
| Data kept by organizations to maintain records of their day-to-day transactions: | Routinely Kept Records |
| When information is not available in routinely kept records, a logical alternative source may be: | Surveys |
| Often, the data needed to answer a question is only available through an: | Experiment |
| Because the answer to a question may already exist, we should explore: | Existing Date Sources |
| When data analyzed is derived from biological sciences and medicine, we use __________ to distinguish this application of statistical tools and concepts. | Biostatistics |
| A characteristic that takes on different values in different persons, places, or things is a: | Variable |
| A ____________ variable is one that can be measured in the usual sense. | Quantitative |
| An example of a quantitative variable is: | - Height of adult males - Weight of preschool children |
| ___________ variables are the characteristics that cannot be measured (height, weight, age) but ONLY categorized. | Qualitative variables |
| List a few examples of qualitative variables: | - Medical Diagnoses - Ethnic Group - Designations |
| A _________ variable is on that determines an individual's height, weight, or age. | Respective Variable |
| If the values of a respective variable arise or can't be predicted, the variable is termed a: | Random Variable |
| Give an example of a random variable. | A baby's adult height at birth. Since it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and cant be predicted. |
| A random variable that can take a distinct value within a given range: | Discrete Random Variable |
| Give a few examples of a discrete random variable: | - Number of patients admitted to a hospital on a given day - Number of cars in a parking lot at noon - Number of doctors visits a person makes in a year |
| A type of random variable that can take on any value within a given range | Continuous Random Variable |
| Give a few examples of a continuous random variable | - The height of a person - Cholesterol levels - BMI - Time to recover from an illness |
| The complete set of items or individuals that you are interested in studying: | Population |
| A smaller group taken from the larger population that you want to study: | Sample |
| Assigning numbers to objects or events based on a set of rules: | Measurements |
| A type of measurement scale used to categorized data without ranking or order. It is simply names or labels (red, cat, dog, bird) | Nominal Scale |
| A type of measurement scale that not only categorizes date but also ranks them in a specific order. (EX: A survey; 'From 1-5, 1 being very dissatisfied...') | Ordinal Scale |
| The process of drawing conclusions about a population based on information gathered from a sample taken from that population: | Statistical Inference |
| A sample of size n drawn from a population of size N such that every possible sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected. | Simple Random Sample |
| A method of selecting a sample of size n from a population by choosing a starting point at random and then selecting every n-th element in the population | Systemic Sampling |
| A method of sampling that involves dividing a population into distinct subgroups, or strata, that share similar characteristics. Then, a random sample is drawn from each stratum. | Stratified Sampling |
Created by:
BCG
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