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Bowman HW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| New England | colonial region that was cold, rocky soil, fished trade built ships |
| Middle Colonies | Bread Basket region with moderate weather that grew food for the colonies |
| Southern Colonies | colonial region that was hot, rich soil, and focused on plantations and slave labor |
| Cash Crops | crops grown only to sell, they have no use by themselves |
| Mercantilism | The belief that colonies only exist to make the mother countries money |
| Triangular Trade | the flow of people and goods between Africa, America, and Europe |
| Maryland | colony started for catholics |
| Georgia | colony started for debtors |
| Pennsylvania | colony started for Quakers |
| Quakers | religious group that hated violence, was against slavery, and started Pennsylvania |
| Tobacco | Cash crop that saved Jamestown |
| Jamestown | first successful British colony; started for profit |
| Plymouth | British colony started by Pilgrims for religious reasons |
| France | country that came to America for the fur trade |
| Spain | country that came to America to find gold and convert natives to Catholicism |
| England | Country that came to America to start colonies for mercantilism |
| Asia | Location that Christopher Columbus was originally trying to find a way to get to faster |
| Geography | word that means land and climate (weather) |
| Economics | Word that means the system of money in a place |
| Political | Word that means having to do with government and laws |
| Social | Word that means having to do with people and how they interact with each and their beliefs |
| Plantations | large farms in the south that used slave labour |
| Middle Passage | Route that slave ships would travel from Africa to America |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | First written constitution in America |
| Mayflower Compact | First social contract in America |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | First representative legislature in America |
| John Smith | Captain who became leader of Jamestown |
| Geographic | referring to the land and climate factors of a place |
| Economic | Referring to the making and spending of money at a place |
| Social | Referring to the people and their interactions and other factors at a place |
| Political | Having to do with government/laws |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Law that said Americans cannot cross the Appalachian mountains into the Ohio River Valley |
| Debt | After the French and Indian war the king was in large amounts of |
| No Taxation without Representation | Battle cry of colonists during the American Revolution who said the king was breaking the rules with his taxes |
| Stamp Act | tax on paper that said papers had to have an official stamp |
| Quartering Act | Law that said soldiers could live in Americans homes for free |
| Sons of Liberty | Patriot group that organized protests such as boycotts and the Boston Tea Party |
| Patriot | An American who wanted to go to war against England |
| Loyalist | An American who wanted to stay loyal/united with England |
| Crispus Attucks | African American killed in the Boston Massacre; "First blood of the Revolution" |
| Boycott | To refuse to buy something in order to make a point |
| Intolerable Acts | laws that were designed to punish the colonists for the BTP, closed the port, new quartering act |
| John Adams | lawyer for Boston Massacre soldiers, delegate at the Continental Congresses |
| John Paul Jones | Navy hero who said I have not yet begun to fight |
| James Armistead | Most important spy during the Revolution; African American |
| Saratoga | Turning point battle that convinced France and Spain to join the Americans |
| Yorktown | Last battle of the American Revolution |
| Lexington and Concord | First battles of the American Revolution; shot heard round the world |
| Valley Forge | Winter camp for Washington and his men, lack of food, shelter |
| Marquis de Lefayette | Rich french man who helped Americans, became trusted commander |
| Abigail Adams | First american feminist, Remember the ladies |
| Mercy Otis Warren | Wrote first history of the American Revolution |
| Patrick Henry | Founding father who said give me liberty or give me death |
| Cede | word that means to give up |
| Enforce | word that means to make sure people obey |
| Consent | word that means to give permission or approval |
| Representation | Idea that is someone speaking for a group, especially in government |
| Dissolved | Word that means destroyed, gone |
| Establish | Word that means to start or create |
| Samuel Adams | Founding Father who helped start the Sons of Liberty |
| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense, pamphlet that convinced Americans to keep fighting against the British |
| Unalienable Rights | rights that all people are supposed to have; life liberty and pursuit of happiness |
| Resent | word that means to strongly dislike |
| Articles of Confederation | America's first national government; too weak |
| Northwest Ordinance | Process the AOC set up for adding new states |
| Legislative Branch | Branch of government that makes the laws |
| Federalism | principle of government that says we have states and a national government |
| Checks and balances | principle of government that says each branch of government has power over the other one |
| Separation of Powers | principle of government that says we have 3 different branches each with different jobs/responsibilities |
| Popular Sovereignty | principle of government that says the people are supposed to have the power |
| Limited Government | principle of government that says everyone has to follow the Constitution |
| Individual Rights | principle of government that says citizens have rights that cannot be taken away |
| Republicanism | principle of government that says people elect representatives to govern for them |
| Great Compromise | name of the compromise that combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plan |
| Three-fifths Compromise | compromise that decided that three-fifths of all slaves would count towards population for representation and taxation |
| Federalists | group that supported the Constitution and wanted a strong federal government; James Madison, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton |
| Anti-Federalists | group that disliked the Constitution, demanded a Bill of Rights and wanted more power for the states; Thomas Jefferson, George Mason |
| Farewell Address | Speech where Washington told Americans to avoid political parties, foreign entanglements, and sectionalism |
| XYZ Affair | Foreign policy with Adams where France was attacking US ships, wanted a bribe, Adams prepared for war to stop them |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay tax, Washington forced them to and showed federal government had power |
| Jacksonian Democracy | The idea that common people should vote and be in government |
| Hamilton's Financial Plan | plan that said to pay off national debt with Whiskey tax and started a national bank |
| Democratic-Republicans | political party that supported farmers, strict interpretation of the constitution, and limited government power |
| Embargo Act | Law that banned all foreign trade under Jefferson, failed to pressure England or France |
| Louisiana Purchase | Land purchase from France that doubled size of US and gave control of Mississippi River under Jefferson |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Laws pushed by Adams that punished immigrants and foreigners and took away freedom of speech |
| Nullification | the idea that a state can ignore a federal law |
| Cotton Gin | machine that made harvesting cotton more efficient led to an increase in slavery |
| Urbanization | term that means more cities and cities growing |
| Irish | immigrants that came to America to escape the potato famine |
| Chinese | Immigrants that came to America from Asia and many helped build the railroad |
| War of 1812 | Second against britain over the issue of impressment and attacks from natives |
| Manifest Destiny | belief that America was supposed to own all of North America/expand from coast to coast |
| Monroe Doctrine | Policy by President Monroe that said Europe needs to stay of the Western Hemisphere |
| Laissez-faire | economic term that says government should stay out of money, believed by Jefferson |
| Missouri Compromise | compromise that said Missouri enters as a slave state, Maine enters as a free state, and the 3630 line is used to determine going forward |
| Proclamation of neutrality | Washington's foreign policy that says that America should stay out of foreign affairs |
| Cabinet | Group of advisors that help the President; Washington created the first one |
| Mechanical Reaper | innovation that allowed for much faster harvesting of food crops, helps prevent famine in America |
| Famine | term that means a lack of food in a region |
| Trail of Tears | name for the event when the Cherokee tribe had to walk to forcibly relocate to Oklahoma |
| Worcester v Georgia | court case where the Supreme Court told Jackson and Georgia they could not relocate the Cherokee |
| Erie Canal | Canal built across the state of New York to connect to the Midwest, mainly built by immigrants |
| Lowell Mills | Textile factories that mainly focused on hiring women |
| Horace Mann | Father of American public schools, pushed for public education to lower crime rates |
| Temperance | The name of the movement to ban alcohol in America |
| Mexican Cessian | Large piece of land acquired by US after Mexican-American War; CANCUN |
| Texas | territory that was part of Mexico, then it's own country, then became a slave state |
| Oregon | Territory that the US split with Britain at the 49th parallel |
| Know Nothing Party | Political Party that opposed immigration especially of Catholics |
| Free Soil Party | Party that opposed the expansion of slavery onto new US lands during Manifest Destiny |
| Manifest Destiny | the idea that America was supposed or destined to go from coast to coast (move west) |
| Dorothea Dix | reform leader that pushed for prison reform and established some of the first mental health hospitals in America |
| Know Nothing Party | Political party that formed to oppose immigration, especially anti-catholic |
| Sarah G Bagely | Labor reform leader who organized unions and protests for better pay and hours |
| Mormons | religious group that moved to Utah because of persecution and used irrigation techniques to turn desert to farmland |
| Frederick Douglas | abolitionist who escaped from slavery and started the newspaper the North Star |
| Seneca Falls Convention | first women's rights convention that started the women's suffrage movement |
| Elizabeth Cady Stantion | Women's rights leader who organized the seneca falls convention and wrote the Declaration of Sentiments |
| Fugitive Slave Act | law that said southern slave catchers could go to the North and capture African-Americans to bring back to the south back into slavery |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | law that said Kansas and Nebraska could use popular sovereignty to decide if they were free or slave states |
| Dred Scott | Man that sued for his freedom, the Supreme Court ruled on the case and took away rights from African-Americans |
| Sectionalism | Splitting the country into sections where citizens only care about those sections like North vs. South |
| Abraham Lincoln | First republican president, when he won the election the South seceded believing he would try to end slavery |
| Ku Klux Klan | white supremacist group that terrorized African Americans and their supporters in the South during reconstruction |
| Black Codes | laws passed in southern states that limited the freedom of Black Americans |
| Jim Crow Laws | types of laws the segregated society in the south based on race |
| Thirteenth | amendment that abolished slavery in the US |
| Fourteenth | Amendment that made African Americans equal citizens and said that everyone born in the US is a citizen |
| Fifteenth | amendment that gave African American men the right to vote |
| Hiram Rhodes Revels | First African American senator in the US |
| Andrew Johnson | Southern Democrat who became President after Lincoln died; eventually was impeached after battles by Radical Republicans |
| Vicksburg | battle where the Union captured the Mississippi by a siege during Civil War |
| Fort Sumter | first battle of the Civil War |
| Ironclads | new type of metal warship developed during the Civil War |
| Confederacy | name for the South during the Civil War |
| Union | Name for the North during the Civil War |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Document created by Lincoln that said slaves in the southern rebel states were freed; changed focus of the war to freedom |
| Gettysburg Address | speech by Lincoln at the opening of a national cemetery that encouraged Americans to keep fighting; led to many African Americans signing up to fight |
| Ulysses Grant | General for the Union forces during the Civil War |
| Robert Lee | general for the Confederate forces during the Civil War |
| William Sherman | General that led the famous March to the Sea that convinced the south to surrender |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
mr.ellis