Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Basic Chem
Gr 12 Basic Chem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Boiling point: | The temperature at which the vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure |
| Melting point: | The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium |
| Vapour pressure: | The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system |
| Organic molecules: | Molecules containing carbon atoms Functional group: a bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds |
| Hydrocarbon: | Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only |
| Homologous series: | A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula OR in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group |
| Saturated compounds: | Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains |
| Unsaturated compounds: | Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains |
| Functional group: | A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds |
| Molecular formula: | A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule |
| Structural formula: | A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together |
| Condensed structural formula: | This notation shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines |
| Structural isomer: | Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae |
| Macromolecule: | A molecule that consists of a large number of atoms |
| Polymer: | A large molecule composed of smaller monomer units covalently bonded to each other in a repeating pattern |
| Monomer: | Small organic molecules that can be covalently bonded to each other in a repeating pattern |
| Monomer: | x A chemical reaction in which monomer molecules join to form a polymer |
| Addition polymerisation: | A reaction in which small molecules join to form very large molecules by adding on double bonds |
| Addition polymer: | A polymer formed when monomers (usually containing a double bond) combine through an addition reaction. |
| Condensation polymerisation: | Molecules of two monomers with different functional groups undergo condensation reactions with the loss of small molecules, usually water |
| Condensation polymer: | A polymer formed by two monomers with different functional groups that are linked together in a condensation reaction in which a small molecule, usually water, is lost |
| Heat of reaction (ΔH) | : the energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction |
| Exothermic reactions: | reactions that release energy |
| Endothermic reactions: | reactions that absorb energy |
| Activation energy: | the minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place |
| Activated complex: | the unstable transition state from reactants to products |
| Reaction rate: | as the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time |
| Positive catalyst: | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change |
| Open system: | Open system: one which continuously interacts with its environment |
| Chemical equilibrium: | it is a dynamic equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction |
| Le Chatelier’s principle: | when the equilibrium in a closed system is disturbed, the system will re-instate a new equilibrium by favouring the reaction that will oppose the disturbance |
| Arrhenius theory Acid: | a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when it dissolves in water |
| Arrhenius theory Base: | a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH–) when it dissolves in water |
| Lowry-Brønsted theory: Acid: | Lowry-Brønsted theory: Acid: a proton (H+ ion) donor |
| Lowry-Brønsted theory: Base: | a proton (H+ ion) acceptor |
| Strong acids: | ionise completely in water to form a high concentration of H3O+ ions. |
| Weak acids: | ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of H3O+ ions. |
| Strong bases: | dissociate completely in water to form a high concentration of OH– ions. |
| Weak bases: | Weak bases: dissociate/ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of OH– ions. |
| Dilute acids/bases: | contain a small amount (number of moles) of acid/base in proportion to the volume of water |
| Ampholyte (amphiprotic substance): | a substance that can act as either an acid or a base. Eg. Water |
| Equivalence point (of a titration): | the point at which the acid/base has completely reacted with the base/acid. |
| Endpoint (of a titration): | the point where the indicator changes colour |
| Hydrolysis: | the reaction of a salt with water |
| Auto-ionisation of water: | the reaction of water with itself to form H3O+ ions and OH– ions |
| Kw: | the equilibrium constant for the ionisation of water or the ionic product of water or the ionisation constant of water, i.e. Kw = [H3O+][OH–] = 1 x 10-14 by 298 K |
| Oxidation: | a loss of electrons, an increase in oxidation number |
| Reduction: | Reduction: a gain of electrons, a decrease in oxidation number |
| Oxidising agent: | a substance that is reduced/gains electrons. |
| Reducing agent: | a substance that is oxidised/loses electrons. |
| Anode: | the electrode where oxidation takes place |
| Cathode: | the electrode where reduction takes place |
| Electrolyte: | a substance of which the aqueous solution contains ions OR a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electricity |
| Electrolysis: | the chemical process in which electrical energy is converted to chemical energy OR the use of electrical energy to produce a chemical change |
| Galvanic cell: | a cell in which chemical energy is converted to electrical energy |
| Electrolytic cell: | a cell in which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy |
Created by:
HZ EDUCATION
Popular Chemistry sets