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soil mech
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is defined as the uncemented aggregate of mineral grains and decayed organic matter. Used as a construction material in various civil engineering projects, and it supports structural foundations | Soil |
| is the branch of science that deals with the study of the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected to various types of forces | Soil Mechanics |
| is the application of the principles of soil mechanics to practical problems | Soil engineering |
| is the subdiscipline of civil engineering that involves natural materials found close to the surface of the earth | Geotechnical engineering |
| the understanding of geotechnical engineering as it is known today began early in the ________ | 18th century |
| For years the art of __________ was based on only past experiences through a succession of experimentation without any real scientific character. | geotechnical engineering |
| Recorded history tells us that ancient civilizations flourished along the banks of _______ such as the Nile (Egypt), the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), the Huang Ho (Yellow River, China), and the Indus (India). | rivers |
| Dykes dating back to about 2000 B.C. were built in the basin of the Indus to protect the town of _______ | Mohenjo Dara |
| Mohenjo Dara is known as what today? | Pakistan |
| the Leaning Tower of Pisa weighs about _____ metric tons and is supported by a circular base having a diameter of ____ | 15,700 20 m |
| What is the cause of the tilting of the tower? | Weak clay layer 11m below |
| The tower now leans how many degrees? | 5 degrees |
| 4 Periods of Geotechnical Engineering: | 1. Pre-classical (1700 to 1776 A.D.) 2. Classical soil mechanics—Phase I (1776 to 1856 A.D.) 3. Classical soil mechanics—Phase II (1856 to 1910 A.D.) 4. Modern soil mechanics (1910 to 1927 A.D.) |
| This period concentrated on studies relating to natural slope and unit weights of various types of soils as well as the semi empirical earth pressure theories | Preclassical Period of Soil Mechanics |
| he studied the natural slopes of soils when tipped in a heap for formulating the design procedures of retaining walls | Henri Gautier |
| The natural slope is what we now refer to as the ________ | angle of repose |
| he published a textbook for military and civil engineers in France. He proposed a theory for lateral earth pressure on retaining walls | Bernard Forest de Belidor |
| According to the study of Henri Gautier, the natural slopes ) of clean dry sand is ______and ordinary earth is ____ | 31° and 45° |
| what is the unit weight of firm or hard sand and compressible sand | 16.7 to 18.4 kN/m3 |
| what is the unit weight of Ordinary earth | 13.4 |
| what is the unit weight of Soft earth | 16.0 |
| what is the unit weight of Clay | 18.9 |
| The first laboratory model test results were reported in 1746 by a French engineer _______ | Francois Gadroy |
| he studied slope stability (Chapter 9) around 1769 and distinguished between intact ground and fills | Jean Rodolphe Perronet |
| During this period, most of the developments in the area of geotechnical engineering came from engineers and scientists in France. | Classical Soil Mechanics—Phase I (1776 –1856) |
| In the ______ period, practically all theoretical considerations used in calculating lateral earth pressure on retaining walls were based on an arbitrarily based failure surface in soil | preclassical |
| he used the principles of calculus for maxima and minima to determine the true position of the sliding surface in soil behind a retaining wall. | Charles Augustin Coulomb |
| he used the laws of friction and cohesion for solid bodies. | Coulomb |
| In 1820, special cases of Coulomb’s work were studied by French engineer _______ and by French applied-mechanics professor _______ | Jacques Frederic Francais Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier |
| an army engineer and professor of mechanics, extended Coulomb’s theory by providing a graphical method for determining the magnitude of lateral earth pressure | Jean Victor Poncelet |
| the first to use the symbol for soil friction angle | Jean Victor Poncelet |
| provided the details for deep slips in clay slopes, cutting, and embankments | Alexandre Collin |
| his work provided a notable theory on earth pressure and equilibrium of earth masses | William John Macquorn Rankine |
| Several experimental results from laboratory tests on sand appeared in the literature in this phase | Classical Soil Mechanics—Phase II (1856 –1910)) |
| he published a study on the permeability of sand filters | Henri Philibert Gaspard Darcy |
| he defined the term coefficient of permeability (or hydraulic conductivity) of soil, a very useful parameter in geotechnical engineering to this day | Henri Philibert Gaspard Darcy |
| a professor of astronomy, conducted laboratory tests to determine the overturning moment on a hinged wall retaining sand in loose and dense states of compaction | Sir George Howard Darwin |
| published the development of the theory of stress distribution under loaded bearing areas in a homogeneous, semiinfinite, elastic, and isotropic medium. | Joseph Valentin Boussinesq |
| demonstrated the phenomenon of dilatency in sand | Osborne Reynolds |
| made notable studies relating to the flow of water through sand bed and uplift pressure | John Clibborn and John Stuart Beresford |
| In this period, results of research conducted on clays were published in which the fundamental properties and parameters of clay were established | Modern Soil Mechanics (1910 –1927) |
| Consistency of soil, that is, liquid, plastic, and shrinkage properties | Albert Mauritz Atterberg |
| Double shear tests (undrained) in clay under constant vertical load | Jean Frontard |
| Lateral pressure and resistance of clay; bearing capacity of clay | Arthur Langtry Bell |
| who made the Slip-circle analysis of saturated clay slopes | Wolmar Fellenius |
| who made the Theory of consolidation for clays | Karl Terzaghi |
| The publication of Erdbaumechanik auf Bodenphysikalisher Grundlage by________ in 1925 gave birth to a new era in the development of soil mechanics. | Karl Terzaghi |
| known as the father of modern soil mechanics | Karl Terzaghi |
| where did Karl Terzaghi study? | Graz, Austria |
| Karl Terzaghi became a professor at what school in US? | Harvard University |
| ISSMFE stands for | International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering |
| who is the first president of ISSMFE | Karl Terzaghi |
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