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unit 4 test pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| High Risk Medications | Heparin Insulin CA+ Channel Blockers K potassium Opioids Peds/Neonate |
| Most Important Drugs Hypertensive | Ace Inhibitors Beta Blockers Ca+ Channel Blockers Digoxin/Diuretics |
| If client is borderline Hypertensive | Change diet, exercise, intermediate fasting |
| New Patient for hypertensive teaching? | -Rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension (may have Syncope episode) -Take WT in the morning, naked, before eating |
| Loop Diuretics always end in? | IDE |
| Loop Diuretics Action | THEY WASTE POTASSIUM. THE MORE YOU PEE THE MORE YOU DEPLETE YOUR POTASSIUM. -Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle |
| Loop Diuretics Uses (conditions it treats) | -HF -EDEMA -HYPERTENSION |
| LOOP diuretics can | -Increase urine output that will reduce edema. -Could lead to hypo tension (b/c if peeing a lot could drop BP) |
| Loop Diuretics can cause HR to increase or decrease | Tachycardia (peeing out fluids putting my body under stress causing heart rate) |
| Loop Diuretics and hydration | -Decrease in skin tugor means dehydration |
| Loop Diuretics medicatgion examples | -furosemide (Lasix) -toresmide (Demadex) -bumetandie (Bumex) |
| Loop Diuretics Contradictions | -severe electrolyte loss |
| Loop Diuretics Adverse reactions | -electrolyte imbalance orthostatic hypotension |
| Loop Diuretics Nursing | -Monitor I & O |
| Loop Diuretics Labs | -Electrolyte levels |
| When should Loop Diuretics be taken? | IN THE AM so they don't be up all night with nocturnal. |
| Should loop diuretic pts be on any percautions? | PTS are HIGH fall risk, so they need precautions for falls |
| Loop Diuretics you should establish? | -Establish baseline of labs and vital signs before starting diuretics. CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel) |
| dont move on until you get loop diuretics down pact | you can do it! |
| Name all Drug Classes for Diuretics | 1) Loop Diuretics 2)Potassium sparing diuretics 3)Thiazide Diuretics 4)Osmotic Diuretics |
| Osmotic Diuretics action | -Pulls fluid but mainly water -prevent reabsorption of water and solutes |
| Osmotic Diuretics blank | blank |
| Osmotic Diuretics Example medications | Mannitol (most common) |
| Osmotic Diuretics Nursing | -Monitor I & O -Fluid & electrolyte levels |
| Do not give Mannitol with | -ACTIVE INTRACRANIAL BLEEDING (its already bleeding and mannitol will make it bleed more by pulling more fluid and make it hemorrhage) -They will become hypovolemia (low blood volume) -A lower blood volume of blood circulating in your system |
| Mannitol given IV | if they getting it IV check for crystalize adverse reaction that means it is not passing through |
| lets go | you got it ladies |
| we gone ace next test | unit 4 test all A's |
| we almost there | we got this |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics are the | -weakest form of diurectis |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics patients usually take what else along with | potassium sparring usually taking Lasix or Torrisumide |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics uses | Promotes retention of sodium and water (b/c it is going to block aldosterone and aldoserone is what allows water and sodium to pass through dont need to kow for test) |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Medication Examples | -(generic) spironolactone, Aldactone (brand name) is the most common - |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics uses (helps treat?) | -HF -EDEMA -CIRRHOSIS -HYPERTENSION |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Contraindications | hyperkalemia (HIGH POTASSIUM), severe renal failure |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Adverse reactions | -Hyperkalemia -gynecomastia (male breast) |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Nursing | -Monitor I &O -electrolyte imbalances -avoid salt substitutes (can increase potassium levels) |
| Potassium Normal Level range | 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics Labs | check electrolyte levels |
| Food to avoid while taking Potassium Sparing Diuretics | 1) Bananas 2)orange juice 3) raisins 4)prunes |
| just keep swimming swimming | swimming |
| Thiazide Diuretics | -promotes DIURESES going to increase urine output while decreasing cardiac output and sodium |
| Thiazide Diuretics action | inhibit reabsorption of sodium ad chloride in the ascending loop of Henle |
| Thiazide Diuretics examples | hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ most common) |
| Thiazide Diuretics adverse reactions | -fluid and electrolytes imbalances -asthma -gout attacks (great toe, extremely painful, swollen, red, comes from too much uric acid found in seafood come from salt water) -uric acid inflames gout (allonpurulol) |
| Thiazide Diuretics | i feel like i missing something |
| Thiazide Diuretics | i think i need another slide about this |
| List of Antihypertensive Drugs | 1) Calcium Channel Blockers 2)Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) 3)Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist (ARB's) 4) Beta Adrenergic Blockers |
| Antihypertensive Drugs are all | SR (SUSTAINED RELEASED) cannot be altered in any way |
| Antihypertensive drugs and alcohol facts | -Alcohol/ ETOH can increase hypotensive stage (if BP gets to LOW will get syncope/pass out) |
| Antihypertensive Drugs can be stopped abruptly true or false | False do not stop taking abruptly |
| Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers examples | amoldipine (Norvasc) nifedipine (Procardia) END IN PINE diltiazem (cardizem) verapamil (calan) |
| Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers helps with | -Relax cardiac muscles. |
| Would you give Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers to a patient with heart attack | Yes it will cause the heart to relax |
| What else does Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers help with? | oxygen consumption it helps retain oxygen |
| Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers action | blood vessels relaxing, reducing hearts workload, increasing oxygen to the heart |
| Antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers adverse reactions | -orthostatic hypotension, -perephial edema -bradycardia |
| If patient comes in with heart attack symptoms, what do you implement | M.O.N.A. Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin (3 does in 15 min), asprin |
| may need another slide | may need another slide idk yet |
| may need another slide | extra just in case need to add extra slid |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) uses | going to dilate blood vessels to increase the amount of blood pumped by the heart meaning its going to decrease BP |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) examples | (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten) lisinopril (prinivil/zestril) ALL END IN PRIL |
| Are Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) ok for diabetic patients | True |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) asses ? | Assess BP, AP, RESPITORY STATUS/COUGH |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) CONTRAINDICATIONS | hyperkalemia, |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) Adverse reactions: | 1) cough (ITS OK IT’S A PART OF SIDE EFFECT OF MEDICAITON), 2) bronchospasm (CAN'T GIVE THEM THIS IF THEY ALREAY HAVE B/C AIRWAY ALREADY BLOCKED) 3) angioedema 4)digoxin toxicity (THAT’S WHY WE ASSESS FOR BP AND AP) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) NURSING | Take one hour before meals |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE INHIBITORS) NURSING FACTS | DECREASE PRE-LOAD WHILE INCREASING CARDIAC OUTPUT WHICH WILL LEAD TOO AND INHIBITOR TO REDUCE THE AFTERLOAD ANYTHLING ENDING LOLO CANT GIVE THEM TO PTS WITH BRONCHOSPASMS |
| next | next |
| next | next |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARB'S) end in | (ARBs)ALL END IN STAN |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) action | -USED HYPERTENSION AND HEART FAILURE -Action: block the binding of angiotensin II at receptor sites in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) example medications | losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan) |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) Adverse Reactions | hypotension, chest pain AND COUGH AND FEVER, |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) Interactions | NSAIDS, potassium-sparing diuretics |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) Nursing | -avoid taking grapefruit juice |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) african americans | not shown to be as effective in African Americans (COMBINE IT WITH ANOTHER MED LIKE A DIURETIC HCTZ), monitor vitals, edema |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker asses | ASSES BP AND APICAL PULSE |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker SBP AND PULSE | - IF THEY HAVE SBP (SYSTOLIC BP) IF LESS THAN 90 OR AP LESS THAN 60 CONTACT THE PHYSICIAN |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker Example medications | Examples: atenolol (Tenormin), Inderal, metoprolol, Lopressor, nalodol (Corgard) |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker uses | HTN angina MI tachyarrhythmia migraine headaches |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker CONTRAINDICATIONS | PVD, diabetes mellitus (hypoglycemia-induced tachycardia) |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker Adverse effect | bradycardia orthostatic hypotension impotence (ERCTILE DYSFUNCTION) |
| Beta Adrenergic Blocker African Americans, and Asians | -BETTER BP MEDICINE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS -ASIAN POPULATION NEED LOWER DOSE B/C THEY METABOLIZE IT SLOWE |
| next | next |
| next | next |
| List of Antianginal and Vasodilation drug | 1)Nitrates 2) 3) |
| Nitrates Actions | relax the smooth muscle layer of blood vessels |
| Nitrates uses | relieve pain of acute angina attack, prevent angina attacks, |
| Nitrates example medications | isosorbide, nitroglycerin |
| You should avoid what taking Nitrates? | IF THEY ARE TAKING MED THEY SHOULD NOT SMOKE (SMOKING CONTRICT BLOOD VESSELS COULD CAUSE HEART ATTACK) |
| Nitrates Contraindication | hypotension |
| Nitrates Adverse Reactions | headache, hypotensio |
| Nitrates nursing tab? | sublingual, can have 3 tablets 5 min apart for a max of 3 tablets |
| Nitrates nursing ointment? | , ointment: use ruled paper WIPE OFF THE OLD |
| Nitrates nursing IV? | , IV use glass bottles only and special tubing |
| Nitrates nursing | -do not take Erectile dysfunction drugs with these meds (Viagra or cealus) -Taking medicatin while sitting or lying can cause orthostatic hyportension - If chest pains worsen CALL |
Created by:
alcaesar