Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MIcro Ch.11 SM
MIcro Ch.11 Study Material
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. If an infectious disease emerged that was highly contagious and virulent, resulting in certain death with no known cure, what would the epidemiological data would show _______. a high incidence and low prevalence a low incidence and high prevalence both incidence and prevalence to be high both incidence and prevalence to be low | a high incidence and low prevalence |
| 2. Nowadays, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease, rather than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s. Educational strategies to limit transmission, coupled with advances in treatment, means that compared to 1985, _______. the incidence has dropped and the prevalence has increased the incidence has increased and the prevalence has dropped both incidence and prevalence have increased both incidence and prevalence have dropped | the incidence has dropped and the prevalence has increased |
| 3. 0.014% of the population showed evidence of a particular respiratory infection. What term is illustrated by this statistic. Mortality Prevalence Incidence Epidemic rate Endemic rate | Prevalence |
| 4. If there were 7.5 new cases of pertussis per 100,000 susceptible individuals in the United States, what term that is illustrated by this statistic. Mortality Prevalence Incidence Epidemic rate Endemic rate | Incidence |
| 5. Which of the following is an example of sequelae? Headache from meningitis Difficulty swallowing from a Streptococcus infection Arthritis from Lyme disease Diarrhea from Salmonella enteritidis infection All of the choices are correct. | Arthritis from Lyme disease |
| 6. Healthcare-associated infections involve all the following except _______. they are only transmitted by medical personnel they often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions the patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence | they are only transmitted by medical personnel |
| 7. All of the following statements are true regarding discoveries made by the Human Microbiome Project except _______. the genes coded by our microbiome number in the millions, whereas human cells contain approximately 21,000 genes areas of the body once believed to be sterile, are now known to harbor microbes the microbiota does not contain pathogens; all of the microbes in our microbiome are non-pathogenic bacteria, as well as viruses and fungi, make up the microbiome | the microbiota does not contain pathogens; all of the microbes in our microbiome are non-pathogenic |
| 8. Tooth decay develops when human saliva and proteins aggregate on the tooth and provide a hospitable surface for a range of microbial species to develop into a biofilm. These organisms ferment carbohydrates and the acid byproducts erode the enamel, forming caries. Tooth decay is therefore considered to be ________. a polymicrobial infection a state of well-being nonharmful noninfectious | a polymicrobial infection |
| 9.Choose the statement that best describes the benefits of microbial antagonism to the human host. Microbial antagonism keeps normal microbiota from colonizing some parts of the human body. Microbial antagonism occurs when members of the normal microbiota prevent pathogens from colonizing and becoming established in the body. Microbial antagonism refers to the effects that antibiotics have on the normal microbiota. | Microbial antagonism occurs when members of the normal microbiota prevent pathogens from colonizing and becoming established in the body. |
| 10. A teacher walking through her first-grade classroom pauses to pick up a used tissue that had ended up on the floor instead of in the waste basket. Unfortunately, after discarding the tissue, she doesn’t immediately wash her hands, and acquires a strain of rhinovirus. Several days later she begins to experience symptoms of a cold. Based upon this scenario, please select the mode of disease transmission demonstrated here. Direct contact (touching) Droplet Air Fomite Vector | Fomite |
| 11. The cytokine storm seen in patients with severe COVID-19 is an example of a microbe causing disease in which way? Epigenetic changes Secretion of exotoxins Causing an overreaction of the host immune system Causing direct damage through exoenzymes | Causing an overreaction of the host immune system |
| 12. Many researchers believe that SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats. Which of the following is a true statement? Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic. Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. | Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. |
| 13. Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are _______. in food the patient's own normal biota on fomites in the air transmitted from one person to another | the patient's own normal biota |
| 14. The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota _______. before birth, in utero during and immediately after birth when a child first goes to school when an infant gets its first infectious disease during puberty | before birth, in utero |
| 15. Each of the following bring about inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except ________. the birth process through the birth canal bottle feeding breast feeding contact with hospital staff All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| 16. The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called _______. microbial antagonism endogenous infection infectious disease axenic gnotobiotism | microbial antagonism |
| 17. Which of the following is not an antiphagocytic factor? Secretion of slime Production of leucocidins Adhering to the host Secretion of a capsule Ability to survive intracellularly | Adhering to the host |
| 18. Exotoxins _______. are secreted by pathogenic organisms are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms cause more damage than endotoxins are host specific | are secreted by pathogenic organisms |
| 19-21. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Secondary infection - infection spreads to several tissue sites Mixed infection - several agents established at infection site Acute infection - rapid onset of severe, short-lived symptoms Local infection - pathogen remains at or near entry site Toxemia - pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissues | Secondary infection - infection spreads to several tissue sites |
| 23. Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness, and abscesses are indications of _______. toxemia inflammation sequelae a syndrome latency | inflammation |
| 24. When would Koch's postulates be utilized? Determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab Development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab Determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab Formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab Whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problem | Determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab |
| 25. What is one goal of the Human Microbiome Project? To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms To study the prevalence of disease To study microorganisms in their natural habitat To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease To discover new organisms in extreme habitats | To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease |
| 26. The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their _______. virulence protein coat envelope infectivity | virulence |
| 27. Choose the best definition of virulence factors. Factors that enable a microorganism to be resistant to antimicrobial medications Characteristics of a microorganism, such as its Gram stain morphology, type of media it grows on, and colony morphology The site within a host in which a microorganism resides and causes disease Characteristics of a microorganism that enable it to establish infection and cause disease | Characteristics of a microorganism that enable it to establish infection and cause disease |
| 28. What is believed to be the primary route of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus leading to COVID-19? Respiratory droplets Fomites Contaminated food Sexual contact Biological vector | Respiratory droplets |
| 29.Many people tested positive for COVID-19, but they did not have any of the signs or symptoms of the disease. Infections like this are referred to as ________ infections. asymptomatic persistent latent chronic | asymptomatic |
| 30. Because SARS-CoV-2 likely originated in bats and then became transmissible to humans, COVID-19 is considered a(n) _______ infection. zoonotic noncommunicable vector-borne polymicrobial | zoonotic |
| 31. Infection occurs when _______. contaminants are present on the skin a person swallows microbes in/on food a person inhales microbes in the air pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues All of the choices are correct. | pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues |
| 32. The term infection refers to _______. microorganisms colonizing the body contact with microorganisms contact with pathogens pathogens penetrating host defenses None of the choices are correct. | pathogens penetrating host defenses |
| 33. Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota? Pathogenic biota Normal biota Indigenous biota Normal microbiota Commensals | Pathogenic biota |
| 34. Resident biota are found in/on the ________. skin mouth nasal passages large intestine All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| 35. Normal biota includes each of the following except ________. bacteria fungi protozoans viruses All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| 36. Opportunistic pathogens _______. cause disease in every individual cause disease in compromised individuals are always pathogens have well-developed virulence factors None of the choices is correct. | cause disease in compromised individuals |
| 37. Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called _______. opportunistic pathogens normal biota indigenous biota true pathogens micropathogens | true pathogens |
| 38. Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections? Genetic defects in immunity Physical and mental stress Strong, healthy body Chemotherapy Old age | Strong, healthy body |
| 39. The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the _______. respiratory system gastrointestinal system urinary system genital system skin | respiratory system |
| 40. An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called _______. exogenous an exotoxin an enterotoxin endogenous axenic | exogenous |
| 41. An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called _______. exogenous an exotoxin an enterotoxin endogenous axenic | endogenous |
| 42. The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the _______. virulence factor indigenous biota infectious dose endotoxin minimal dose | infectious dose |
| 43.Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes? Phagocytosis Adhesion Encapsulation Margination Exocytosis | Phagocytosis |
| 44. The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the _______. prodromal stage convalescent stage incubation period acute phase None of the choices are correct. | prodromal stage |
| 45. The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the _______. prodromal stage convalescent stage incubation period acute phase None of the choices are correct. | incubation period |
| 46. The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the _______. prodromal stage convalescent stage incubation period acute phase None of the choices are correct. | acute phase |
| 47. The suffix - emia means _______. blood a disease or morbid process an inflammation tumor pertaining to | blood |
| 48. he subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a(n) _______. syndrome symptom sign pathology inflammation | symptom |
| 49. The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n) _______. syndrome symptom sign pathology inflammation | sign |
| 50. A symptom is ________. an objective indication of disease a subjective indication of disease measurable by health care personnel temperature None of the choices are correct. | a subjective indication of disease |
| 51. A sign is _______. an objective indication of disease a subjective indication of disease measurable by health care personnel temperature Both objective indication of disease and measurable by health care personnel are correct. | Both objective indication of disease and measurable by health care personnel are correct. |
| 52. List each theory by Koch | The causative organism must be evidenced in each subject presenting with the disease manifestations. Inoculating a healthy subject with the isolated organism must result in the reported disease manifestations. The organism must be isolated, purified and characterized from an infected individual. The same species of organism must be isolated from the second inoculated individual. Does not Each organism from a polymicrobial infection must be isolated and inoculated into a single host. |
| In an experiment to determine the infectious dose for a specific organism, 50% of the test subjects must develop the disease following a specific dose. This is quantified as the ID50 and is a measure of the pathogenicity of that organism. Assess the following data from an experiment involving 200 mice and determine the ID50 for the infectious agent. 10-3 organisms 10-4 organisms 10-5 organisms 10-6 organisms 10-7 organisms | 10-6 organisms |
Created by:
garrisonjr84