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The ethical requirement of informed consent means that:
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The primary function of the myelin sheath is to:
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PSYC for final
Intro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ethical requirement of informed consent means that: | participants must be completely informed about the purpose and conditions of the research, and must be free to withdraw from the research at any time. |
| The primary function of the myelin sheath is to: | insulate the axon and increase the speed at which neurons convey their message. |
| What is the process by which we recognize, interpret, and organize our sensations? Correct answer: | Perception |
| The limbic system refers to the: | hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, and hypothalamus |
| The three basic types of neurons are: | sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. |
| The cell body of a neuron: | provides the energy needed for the neuron to function. |
| The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our mental processes and behavior is called _____. | biological psychology |
| Neurotransmitters: | are present in extremely small quantities in the brain. |
| Daily rhythms of sleep and wakefulness are regulated by the _____, which is found in the _____. | suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN); hypothalamus |
| All motor neurons have: | acetylcholine. |
| An action potential occurs when: | sodium ions enter the axon's interior, causing a brief positive electrical impulse |
| A particular neurotransmitter: | can have different effects, depending upon the receptor site to which it attaches. |
| _____ is to psychoanalysis as _____ is to humanistic psychology. | Freud; Rogers |
| The primary goal of naturalistic observation is to: | detect natural behavior patterns. |
| The _____ perspective of psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious influences and early life experiences in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior. | psychodynamic |
| Psychoanalysis emphasized: | the role of unconscious factors in behavior. |
| Neuroscience refers to the study of the: | nervous system. |
| Key figures in the development of behaviorism include: | Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner. |
| In an experiment the independent variable is the variable that is: | deliberately manipulated by the researcher. |
| In an experiment the dependent variable is: | the factor that is measured for change and influenced by the independent variable. |
| A _____ is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a(n) _____ tries to integrate and summarize a large number of findings on a particular topic. | hypothesis; theory |
| _____ is the process of accessing information stored in long-term memory. | Retrieval |
| Which of the following statements about schemas is TRUE? | Using schemas you already have stored in long-term memory allows you to quickly integrate new experiences into your knowledge base. |
| The tip-of-the-tongue experience is a common example of: | retrieval failure. |
| The inability to remember past events is called _____. The inability to form new memories is called _____. | retrograde amnesia; anterograde amnesia |
| The idea of repression is key in Sigmund Freud's theory of personality and psychotherapy, which is called psychoanalysis. According to Freud, what gets repressed? | psychologically threatening feelings, emotions, and memories, especially those from early childhood |
| Short-term memory is often referred to as _____ memory. | working |
| Rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts, Jeremy focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences. Jeremy was using _____ to help encode information into his long-term | elaborative rehearsal |
| Memory is formally defined as: | the mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, and retrieve information. |
| At age 80, Bonita recalls the wonderful summers she spent with her grandparents during her childhood. She talks about the market in town where you could buy freshly churned ice cream and garden vegetables, the county fair, and bonfires where her grandmoth | long-term |
| According to the stage model of memory: | memory involves the stages of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. |
| _____ means that a test is given to a large representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms. | Standardization |
| Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement of a good test design? | aptitude |
| When a test has the ability to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions, it is said to be: | reliable. |
| When a test has the ability to measure what it is intended to measure, it is said to be: | valid. |
| People with _____ typically have impaired social interactions, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication skills, engage in repetitive or odd motor behaviors, and have highly restricted routines and interests. | autism spectrum disorder |
| Language is a highly structured system that follows specific rules for combining words. These rules are referred to as the _____ of a language. | syntax |
| According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, there are _____ distinct types of intelligence. | eight |
| The _____ occurs when people accept only the evidence that conforms to their conviction, rejecting or ignoring any evidence that does not | belief-bias effect |
| Trial and error is defined as a: | problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work. |
| A test designed to measure a person's level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area is called a(n): | achievement test. |
| Although Jackson was sitting right next to his wife, he smelled the very slight odor of a skunk minutes before she did. Apparently, Jackson has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his wife. | Absolute threshold |
| After feeling the cold water against your skin when you first jump into the pool, after a few minutes, you no longer feed cold. This best illustrates: | Sensory adaptation |
| What are the two types of photoreceptors in the eye? | Rods & Cones |
| Marisol likes to look at the stars at night. Since it is fairly dark, she turns her head to use which cells in her retina in order to detect more stars? | Rods |
| A sensory stimulus is converted into a neural impulse through the process known as: | Transduction |
| What are the primary colors mentioned in the Trichromatic theory? | Green, blue, red |
| Specialized nerve cells (neurons) that detect these stimuli and convert them into neural impulses are known as: | Sensory receptors |
| Tripp has just been presented with a 1,100 Hz tone. As the frequency is slowly increased, Tripp is instructed to tell the experimenter when he notices a difference in pitch. At 1,150 Hz, Tripp reports noticing a difference. Therefore, we can confirm that | Difference threshold |
| A picture of 2 distinct arrows, <−−> and >−−<, are perceived to be of different lengths even though they are not. What is this illusion called? Correct answer: | Müller-Lyer illusion |
| A group of techniques that an individual uses to induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness in themself refers to: | meditation. |
| Which of the following statements best summarizes how hypnosis affects memory? | Hypnosis is much more effective at enhancing a person's confidence in incorrect memories than it is at improving the accuracy of the memories. |
| Which of the following statements about alcohol is FALSE? | Women metabolize alcohol more quickly than men. |
| REM is an acronym that stands for: | rapid eye movement. |
| Narcolepsy is characterized by: | overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, which are called microsleeps or sleep attacks. |
| During stage 4 NREM: | the sleeper's heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate drop to their lowest levels. |
| Alcohol initially produces feelings of euphoria, talkativeness, and outgoing behavior because it: | depresses activity in the brain regions involved with self-control and judgment, lowering inhibitions. |
| A sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep is called: | narcolepsy. |
| A parasomnia called _____ involves sharply increased physiological arousal, restlessness, sweating, a racing heart, and intense fear accompanied by a panic-stricken scream or cry for help with no recollection of the episode in the morning. | sleep terrors |
| According to the activation–synthesis model of dreaming,: | dreams are meaningful insofar as they reflect how the dreamer imposes personal meaning on the images generated by his or her brain. |
| A number of factors increase the probability that a behavior will be imitated. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors? | if the people to be imitated are indifferent or uncaring and seldom get rewarded |
| According to psychologist Albert Bandura, four processes are involved in observational learning. Which of the following is NOT one of those processes? | immediate reinforcement for the imitated action |
| If you touch something hot, you will reflexively withdraw your hand. Using Pavlov's terminology, reflexively withdrawing your hand would be termed a(n): | unconditioned response (UCR). |
| In operant conditioning, reinforcement is: | defined by the effect that it produces—increasing or strengthening the occurrence of a behavior. |
| The basic strategy for overcoming learned helplessness is to: | acquire a sense of control and mastery over challenging circumstances |
| The early school or approach to psychology called behaviorism emphasized the scientific study of: | observable behaviors rather than mental processes. |
| What is the ''law of effect''? | It was a principle formulated by Edward Thorndike that described how voluntary behaviors can be modified by their consequences. |
| Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE? | Punishment is the most effective way to teach or promote new behaviors that are more desirable or appropriate. |
| Which of the following statements best captures the basic idea of operant conditioning? | Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. |
| Pavlov found that a conditioned response would be stronger if: | there were many pairings of the CS and the UCS. |
Created by:
Chist