Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro Chapter 10 KC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called _______. antibiotics narrow-spectrum drugs semisynthetic drugs synthetic drugs broad-spectrum drugs | antibiotics |
| Antimicrobials that are effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed _______. antibiotics narrow-spectrum drugs semisynthetic drugs synthetic drugs broad-spectrum drugs | broad-spectrum drugs |
| Antibiotics are derived from all of the following except ________. Penicillium Bacillus Staphylococcus Streptomyces Cephalosporium | Staphylococcus |
| Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include _______. low toxicity for human tissues high toxicity against microbial cells do not cause serious side effects in humans stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct |
| The use of a drug to prevent a person at risk of an imminent infection is called _______. competitive inhibition synergism prebiotics prophylaxis lantibiotics | prophylaxis |
| The use of any chemical in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease is called _______. prophylaxis chemotherapy selective toxicity nephrotoxicity synergism | chemotherapy |
| Penicillins and cephalosporins ________. block folic acid synthesis attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules | block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules |
| Selective toxicity refers to ________. damage to pathogenic organisms damage to prokaryotic cell membranes damage to the target organisms but not host cells damage to nucleic acids None of the choices are correct. | damage to the target organisms but not host cells |
| Each of the following affect cell walls except ________. penicillin isoniazid vancomycin erythromycin cephalosporin | erythromycin |
| Aminoglycosides _______. interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan block folic acid synthesis attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules | attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis |
| Each of the following target bacterial ribosomes except _______. streptomycin gentamicin polymyxins tetracycline erythromycin | polymyxins |
| Sulfonamides _______. interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan block folic acid synthesis attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules | block folic acid synthesis |
| Sulfa drugs work on _______. nucleic acid biosynthesis ribosome biosynthesis peptidoglycan biosynthesis folic acid biosynthesis None of the choices are correct. | folic acid biosynthesis |
| Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all _______. target the cell wall have resistance to the action of penicillinase are semisynthetic have an expanded spectrum of activity All of the choices are correct. | target the cell wall |
| A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is ________. synercid penicillinase aztreonam clavulanic acid imipenem | clavulanic acid |
| What type of chemical will allow some bacteria to be resistant to many penicillins? Synercid Penicillinase Aztreonam Clavulanic acid Imipenem | Penicillinase |
| Which antimicrobial does not inhibit cell wall synthesis? Gentamicin Vancomycin Cephalosporins Penicillins Bacitracin | Gentamicin |
| Which drug is used to treat cases of tuberculosis? Penicillin G Vancomycin Tetracycline Synercid Isoniazid | Isoniazid |
| What cell wall inhibiting drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance? Penicillin G Vancomycin Tetracycline Erythromycin Isoniazid | Vancomycin |
| Clavulanic acid _______. inhibits B-lactamase activity inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis inhibits formation of peptidoglycan cross linkages inhibits cell membrane synthesis None of the choices are correct. | inhibits B-lactamase activity |
| Gram-negative rods are often treated with _________. penicillin G vancomycin aminoglycosides synercid isoniazid | aminoglycosides |
| Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis? Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Erythromycin Trimethroprim Gentamicin | Trimethroprim |
| Which of these drugs has the most narrow spectrum? Tetracycline Isoniazid Erythromycin Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins | Isoniazid |
| Antimicrobials that are macrolides _______. disrupt cell membrane function include tetracyclines include azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin are narrow-spectrum drugs are hepatotoxic | include azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin |
| Which newer synthetic drug is used to treat MRSA and VRE infections? Synercid Clindamycin Linezolid Azithromycin Clarithromycin | Linezolid |
| Which of the following is not true of polymyxins? Disrupt the cell membrane Have a narrow spectrum Toxic to kidneys Target peptidoglycan Can treat severe urinary tract infections | Target peptidoglycan |
| The antifungal drug that can be injected to treat serious systemic fungal infections, like histoplasmosis, is ________. nystatin griseofulvin amphotericin B sulfa drugs metronidazole | amphotericin B |
| Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _______ infections. bacterial fungal protozoan helminthic viral | fungal |
| Which of the following is not a drug group used to treat fungal infections? Quinolones Macrolide polyenes Echinocandins Synthetic azoles Allylamines | Quinolones |
| The drug used for several protozoan infections is ________. nystatin griseofulvin amphotericin B sulfa drugs metronidazole | metronidazole |
| Mebendazole is a drug used to treat _______ infections. bacterial fungal protozoan helminthic viral | helminthic |
| There are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because fungi, protozoa, and helminths _______. do not cause many human infections are not affected by antimicrobials are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult are parasites found inside human cells have cells with fewer target sites compared to bacteria | are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult |
| Primaquine and chloroquine are drugs used in the treatment of _______. gram-positive infections gram-negative infections fungal infections protozoan infections viral infections | protozoan infections |
| Which of the following is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs? Block penetration Block transcription and translation Inhibit DNA synthesis Block maturation Bond to ergosterol in the cell membrane | Bond to ergosterol in the cell membrane |
| An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that _______. blocks penetration blocks transcription and translation inhibits DNA synthesis blocks maturation bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane | inhibits DNA synthesis |
| Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat _______. influenza A virus HIV herpes zoster virus respiratory syncytial virus hepatitis C virus | HIV |
| Acyclovir is used to treat _______. influenza A virus HIV herpes simplex virus respiratory syncytial virus hepatitis C virus | herpes simplex virus |
| Which of the following block HIV binding to host cell receptors? AZT Acyclovir Nevirapine Fuzeon Amantidine | Fuzeon |
| The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include ______. bacterial chromosomal mutations synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure prevention of drug entry into the cell alteration of drug receptors on cell targets All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct |
| The multidrug-resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes function by ______. bacterial chromosomal mutations synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure removing the drug from the cell when it enters alteration of drug receptors on cell targets All of the choices are correct. | removing the drug from the cell when it enters |
| Microbial resistance resulting from mutation occurs because _______. bacterial genomes undergo mutation rapidly bacterial genomes undergo mutation often short generation times accumulate mutations in populations mutations are passed between organisms All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct |
| Each of the following result in drug resistance except _______. drug pumped out of the cell drug used as a nutrient by the cell drug binding site altered drug inactivated drug blocked from entering cell | drug used as a nutrient by the cell |
| Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between microorganisms except ________. transduction R-plasmids conjugation mutation transformation | mutation |
| Each of the following contributes to emerging drug resistance except _______. overuse of antibiotics improper use of antibiotics multiple drug therapy ingestion of antibiotics with animal feed addition of antibiotics to common household products | multiple drug therapy |
| Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as ________. prebiotics probiotics. lantibiotics phytobiotics riboswitches | prebiotics |
| The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore healthy vaginal biota is an example of ________. prebiotics probiotics lantibiotics phytobiotics riboswitches | probiotics |
| Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's microbiota often cause ________. nephrotoxicity superinfections allergic reactions drug toxicity mutation | superinfections |
| Side effects that occur in patient's tissues while on antimicrobial drugs include all the following except _______. development of resistance to the drug hepatotoxicity nephrotoxicity diarrhea deafness | development of resistance to the drug |
| A superinfection results from _______. buildup of a drug to toxic levels in the patient the wrong drug administered to the patient an immune system reaction to the drug decrease in the microbiota with overgrowth of an unaffected species | decrease in the microbiota with overgrowth of an unaffected species |
| Drug susceptibility testing determines _______. the patient's response to various antimicrobials the pathogen's response to various antimicrobials if normal flora will be affected by antimicrobials if the drug is increasing to toxic levels in a patient None of the choices are correct. | the pathogen's response to various antimicrobials |
| Micro Chapter 10 Study Material Jamie Garrison | |
| Biofilm infections are harder to treat than the same free-living organisms because _______. when part of a biofilm community, the bacterial cells express different genes thus changing their antibiotic susceptibility bacteria in a biofilm exist only on synthetic surfaces such as catheters, so they cannot be treated with antibiotics organisms in a biofilm develop antibiotic resistance more rapidly than free-living cells | when part of a biofilm community, the bacterial cells express different genes thus changing their antibiotic susceptibility |
| Which therapeutic index value would be the drug of choice? 20 10 1 0.1 Any value would be equally effective. | 20 |
| Choose the statement that best describes superinfection An infection with an extensively drug-resistant microbe An infection that occurs due to the overgrowth of other potentially pathogenic microbes during or after initial antimicrobial therapy An infection by an extremely virulent microbe An infection caused by multiple species of microbes, synergistically contributing to the infectious process | An infection that occurs due to the overgrowth of other potentially pathogenic microbes during or after initial antimicrobial therapy |
| An example of an antibacterial drug with high selective toxicity would be one that _______. targets the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall targets the permeability of the cell membrane targets DNA replication targets RNA transcription | targets the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall |
| Drugs with high selective toxicity include _______. ampicillin and bacitracin amphotericin B and fluconazole mebendazole and albendazole quinine and metronidazole | ampicillin and bacitracin |
| In light of increasing antibiotic resistance, alternative antimicrobial therapies are being explored. These include the CRISPR system, which ________. when delivered with an antibiotic, can splice out the genes causing resistance to the drug, which is then able to kill the bacteria directly kill the bacteria instead of requiring an antibiotic is comprised of immune peptides that are not susceptible to bacterial resistance | when delivered with an antibiotic, can splice out the genes causing resistance to the drug, which is then able to kill the bacteria |
| Choose the method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing that involves measuring and evaluating zones of inhibition around antibiotic disks placed on a culture of bacteria prior to incubation. ELISA test Kirby-Bauer test Tube dilution test Gram stain test Beta-lactamase test | Kirby-Bauer test |
| Choose the antimicrobial category that is most selectively toxic. Antimicrobials that inhibit cell wall synthesis Antimicrobials that inhibit protein synthesis Antimicrobials that interfere with nucleic acid structure and function Antimicrobials that inhibit folic acid synthesis Antimicrobials that interfere with cell membrane structure and function | Antimicrobials that inhibit cell wall synthesis |
| Yeast infections of the vaginal tract and Clostridium difficile colitis following antibiotic treatment are examples of ________. superinfections drug resistance systemic infections drug allergies | superinfections |
| The drug that can cause injury to red blood cells and white blood cells is _______. chloramphenicol clindamycin ciprofloxacin bacitracin gentamicin | chloramphenicol |
| Which of the following antibacterial drug groups does not target protein synthesis? Clindamycin Erythromycin Aminoglycosides Sulfonamides Tetracycline | Sulfonamides |
| The _______ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown discoloration. streptomycins cephalosporins macrolides tetracyclines penicillins | tetracyclines |
| A ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans versus the minimum effective dose for that pathogen is assessed to predict the potential for toxic drug reactions. This is called the _______. Kirby-Bauer antibiogram E-test MIC therapeutic index (TI) | therapeutic index (TI) |
| The feature of an antimicrobial that makes it kill or inhibit microbes yet be harmless to the host is referred to as _________. selective toxicity the therapeutic index the thermal death point minimum inhibition | selective toxicity |
| An antimicrobial drug that is effective against a very diverse array of bacteria is described as ________ spectrum. broad sensitive medium narrow wide | broad |
| Direct damage to tissue or an organ due to the effect of an antimicrobial on that tissue or organ is known as drug ________, whereas an inappropriate immune reaction to an antimicrobial is known as drug-induced ________. toxicity; allergy allergy; toxicity resistance; allergy superinfection; resistance | toxicity; allergy |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
garrisonjr84