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Question

32. Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls?

Naked viruses
Protozoan cysts
Fungal spores
Bacterial endospores
Yeast
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Question

33. The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is ______.

disinfection
sterilization
antisepsis
sanitization
degermation
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Micro Ch.9 P & KC

QuestionAnswer
32. Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls? Naked viruses Protozoan cysts Fungal spores Bacterial endospores Yeast Bacterial endospores
33. The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is ______. disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization degermation sterilization
34. The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels is _______. disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization degermation sanitization
35. The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens is _______. disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization degermation disinfection
The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is ______. disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization ionization antisepsis
2. Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is _______. disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization ionization antisepsis
Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility? Virucide Bactericide Germicide Sporicide Fungicide Sporicide
36. The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are ________. prions vegetative bacteria and fungi endospores protozoan cysts mycobacteria and staphylococci vegetative bacteria and fungi
37. The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms from inanimate objects is termed _______. antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontamination degerming disinfection
The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed _______. antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontamination degerming antisepsis
38. The removal of all life forms from inanimate objects is termed _______. antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontamination degerming sterilization
4. The betadine swab before blood donation is an example of _______. antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontamination sanitation antisepsis
6. The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of _______. antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontamination virilization antisepsis
A cleansing method that mechanically removes microbes and other debris to reduce contamination is _______. disinfection sterilization. antisepsis sanitization degermation sanitization
Which is correct regarding the rate of microbial death? Cells die at increasingly greater rates. Only older cells die in a culture. Cells in a culture die at a constant rate. Upon contact with the control agent, all cells die at one time. Cells become metabolically inactive, but are never killed. Cells in a culture die at a constant rate.
7. Which of the following factors will influence the action of antimicrobial agents? The number of microorganisms The kind of microorganisms Temperature and pH Mode and dosage of the agent All of these will influence the action. All of these will influence the action
39. Microbial death occurs when there is ________. no movement permanent loss of reproduction a change in appearance a decrease in size All of these occur permanent loss of reproduction
Each of the following is the target of antimicrobial agents except ______. cell walls cell membranes ribosomes cellular proteins cytoplasm cytoplasm
3. Some microbial control agents are able to _______ cell proteins by breaking bonds that maintain the native state (three-dimensional configuration) of the proteins. denature bind dissolve activate All of the choices are correct. denature
10. Agents that can denature microbial proteins include all of the following except _______. moist heat alcohol acids metallic ions X rays X rays
Which of the following does not affect microbial nucleic acids? Moist heat Ultraviolet light X rays Ethylene dioxide Formaldehyde Moist heat
43. Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all the following except _______. ultraviolet radiation boiling water HEPA filters pasteurization hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide
44. Sterilization is achieved by ________. flash pasteurization hot water boiling water steam autoclave All of the choices are correct steam autoclave
42. Dry heat ________. is less efficient than moist heat cannot sterilize includes tyndallization is used in devices called autoclaves will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes is less efficient than moist heat
The most efficient sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are ________. 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes 63°C for 30 minutes 160°C for 2 hours 71.6°C for 15 seconds 100°C for 30 minutes 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes
40. The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the ________. thermal death point (TDP) thermal death time (TDT) sporicidal time death phase point None of the choices are correct thermal death time (TDT)
41. The lowest temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 minutes is the ________. thermal death point (TDP) thermal death time (TDT) sporicidal time death phase point None of the choices are correct thermal death point (TDP)
11. Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by _______. pasteurization chlorination moist heat autoclave hydrogen peroxide boiling water pasteurization
Placing organisms at 4oC is _______. bactericidal bacteriostatic decontamination sterilization None of the choices are correct bacteriostatic
Pasteurization ________. kills all vegetative forms reduces the number of vegetative forms reduces the number of endospores increases food nutrient value None of the choices are correct reduces the number of vegetative forms
45. ______ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to _______ heat. High; dry High; moist Dry; moist Moist; dry Moist; high Moist; dry
What instrument is most effective for pressure-temperature sterilization? Oven Autoclave Water bath Bunsen burner Incubator Autoclave
Vials of microorganisms that undergo the freeze-drying process called _______ will remain preserved and viable for years. desiccation flash freeze lyophilization pasteurization sterilization lyophilization
Removal of moisture by dehydration is called _______. desiccation flash freeze lyophilization pasteurization sterilization desiccation
_______ radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA that then leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Infrared Ultraviolet Gamma Particle Ionizing Ultraviolet
12. Which of the following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes? Meats like ground beef and pork Human tissues such as heart valves and skin Operating room air Surgical gloves All of the choices are correct. All of the choices are correct.
Which control method would not be a suitable choice for killing Mycobacterium in a capped culture tube? Ultraviolet (germicidal) light Gamma rays 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes 160°C for 2 hours All of the choices would kill Mycobacterium in a culture tube. Ultraviolet (germicidal) light
Which of the following forms of radiation is in order from the most penetrating to the least penetrating? Gamma, cathode, X rays Gamma, X rays, cathode Cathode, gamma, X ray Cathode, X ray, gamma X ray, gamma, cathode Gamma, X rays, cathode
13. HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from ________. air liquids human tissues medical instruments All of the choices are correct air
49. _______ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them. Boiling Sterilization Radiation Filtration Disinfection Filtration
48. Which of the following is not a factor that affects germicidal activity? The material being treated The length of exposure The strength of the germicide The microorganism being treated All of these choices are factors. All of these choices are factors
15. _______ is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large-scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage. Iodine Chlorine Bromine Fluorine All of the choices are correct. Chlorine
16. The compound that is an organic base containing chlorine and two phenolic rings, and is used increasingly for mucous membrane irrigation, obstetrical washes, hand scrubbing, and prepping surgical skin sites is ______. carbolic acid chlorhexidine triclosan. formalin quarternary ammonium compounds chlorhexidine
5. Alcohols ________. dissolve membrane lipids at concentrations of greater than 50% can be used for disinfection or antisepsis are skin degerming agents are limited in effectiveness due to rapid evaporation All of the choices are correct All of the choices are correct
47. The chemical agent that produces highly toxic and reactive free radicals is _______. cidex cationic detergents hydrogen peroxide chlorhexidine iodophors hydrogen peroxide
46. Hydrogen peroxide can be ________. sporicidal fungicidal bactericidal virucidal All of the choices are correct All of the choices are correct
All of the following disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane except ________. detergents quaternary ammonium compounds high concentration phenols iodine iodine
8. Heavy metals work by ________. rupturing the cell membrane inactivating proteins binding to DNA dissolving the cell wall mutating DNA inactivating proteins
17. Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic? Iodophor Chlorhexidine 3% hydrogen peroxide Betadine (povidone-iodine) Glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde
Ethylene oxide is ________. sporicidal only effective with high heat the active agent in household bleach used as an antiseptic against anaerobes a halogen sporicidal
1. Compare moist heat methods of microbial control to dry heat control? Moist heat: Steam/boiling water, shorter time to sterility. Methods include boiling, pasteurization, and autoclaving. Dry heat: Hot air, needs higher temperature and longer time. Methods include incineration and hot air ovens.
9. Surfactants work by ________. disrupting membrane integrity
14. Discuss all characteristics that pertain to hypochlorites release hypochlorous acid in solution cause denaturation of enzymes used to disinfect water, restaurant, and medical equipment
18. How does Antimicrobial agents can target the cell walls blocking its synthesis digesting it inhibiting peptidogylcan synthesis
19. What mechanism represents the use of osmotic pressure as a microbial control method? Creating a hypertonic environment, such as salting or sugaring, which draws water out of microbial cells, causing plasmolysis.
20. Which pair of physical control methods will achieve complete sterilization? Autoclaving and incineration
21. Temperature and time must be considered when determining susceptibility of microbes to lethal conditions. At a specific temperature, the thermal death _____ can be determined, alternatively, the thermal death _____ can be assessed as the lowest temperature that will kill a test organism thermal death TIME (TDT); thermal death POINT (TDP)
23. Beginning Fall 2017, the FDA banned the use of phenolic compounds, such as triclosan, in consumer soaps and lotions. This is due to ________. Increased microbial resistance to these chemicals
24. Chlorhexidine kills microbes by ________. Disrupting cell membranes and denaturing proteins
25. All of the following are disadvantages to using compounds containing heavy metals, except ________. they may cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals organisms can develop resistance to the compounds they are not effective against endospores they can be toxic
26. The use of aldehydes as antimicrobial agents is limited due to ________. their instability when pH or temperature is increased
27. What are the advantages and disadvantages to using ortho-phthalaldehyde and glutaraldehyde increased cost
28. What are the advantages and disadvantages using ethylene oxide and moist heat sterilization it can be used to sterilize plastics that would melt in an autoclave
29. A(n) _________ would be used to destroy bacteria on a countertop whereas a(n) _________ would be used on skin prior to making an incision. disinfectant; antiseptic
30. Choose the microbial control method that neither inhibits nor kills microbes, but instead physically removes them from liquids or air. Filtration
31. Describe the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine. Targets cell membrane components and denatures proteins
22. Discuss the characteristic of dry heat it takes up to 4 hours to sterilize instruments in a hot air oven, whereas the Bunsen burner will incinerate an inoculation loop almost immediately the Bunsen burner can achieve temperatures up to 1,870 degrees C, Whereas the hot-air oven reaches temperatures up to 180 degrees C.
Micro Chapter 9 Study Material Jamie Garrison
 



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