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Vocab: U10
Vocabulary for Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| homogeneous | Uniform in structure or composition throughout |
| heterogeneous | Consisting of dissimilar elements or parts; not homogeneous. |
| solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these. |
| mixture | A composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and are capable of being separated. |
| solute | A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount. |
| solvent | A substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution. |
| miscible | That can be mixed in all proportions |
| immiscible | That cannot undergo mixing or blending. |
| alloy | A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals, the atoms of one replacing or occupying interstitial positions between the atoms of the other |
| filtration | The act or process of separating or (completely or partially) removing selected components of a mixture by means of a filter. |
| suspension | A system in which microscopically visible particles are dispersed throughout a less dense liquid or gas from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled because of system viscocity or molecular interactions |
| Tyndall effect | Visible scattering of light along the path of a beam of light as it passes through a system containing discontinuities, such as the surfaces of colloidal particles in a colloidal solution. |
| colloid | A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately 10 to 10,000 angstroms in size, are dispersed within a continuous medium in a manner that prevents them from being filtered easily or settled rapidly |
| rate of solution | How quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent. Factors determining the rate of solution are: surface area, stirring, amount of solute already dissolved, and temperature. |
| Henry's Law | Chemical law stating that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid, provided no chemical reaction takes place between the liquid and the gas. |
| electrolytes | A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium. |
| nonelectrolytes | A substance whose molecules in solution do not dissociate to ions and thus do not conduct an electric current. |
| concentrated | Having a high concentration of the solute.. |
| dilute | Describing a solution that has a relatively low concentration of solute. |
| solubility | The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. |
| aqueous | Dissolved in water. |
| tincture | A solution with alcohol as the solvent. |
| emulsion | A suspension of small globules of one liquid in a second liquid with which the first will not mix: an emulsion of oil in vinegar. |
| saturated | Combined with or containing all the solute that can normally be dissolved at a given temperature. |
| supersaturated | To cause (a chemical solution) to be more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given conditions of temperature and pressure. |
| molarity | The molar concentration of a solution, usually expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. |
| molality | The molal concentration of a solute, usually expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilograms of solvent |
| colligative property | Properties dependent on the number of molecules but not their nature. |
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