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Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels and Alternative Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy resource | a natural resource that humans use to generate energy |
| fossil fuels | a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago |
| what happens when fossil fuels are burned? | They release energy (most energy released is heat) |
| Are fossil fuels renewable or nonrenewable? | nonrenewable |
| Petroleum | a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds; used widely as a fuel source |
| What is petroleum commonly known as? | crude oil |
| What are some examples of products separated from petroleum? | gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel and fuel oil |
| More than what percent of the world's energy comes from petroluem products? | 40% |
| Crude oil is so valuable that it is often called ________ | black gold. |
| the solid fossil fuel humans use most is | coal |
| coal | forms underground from partially decomposed plant material |
| why was coal used less? | cleaner energy sources became available, burning coal creates a large amount of air pollution |
| how do fossil fuels form? | from the buried remains of ancient organisms |
| what is the formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas? | when microscopic sea organisms die, their remnants go to the sea floor and are buried in sediment. These compact and become rock and slowly become the two fossil fuels through changes |
| Permeable rocks | rocks through whcih fluids, such as petroleum and gas can move. |
| How is coal formed? | pressure and heat underground changes in the remain of swamp plants. plants die, sink to the bottom, if they dont decay completely coal may form |
| 1st step of the formation of coal | Sunken swamp plants that have not decayed completely can change inot peat. (a brown crumply matter made of plants and water) About 60% of an average sample of dried peat is carbon |
| 2nd step of the formation of coal | If sediment buries the peat, pressure and temperature increase. The peat slowly changes into a type of coal called linite (jharder than peat) about 70% of an average sample of lignite is carbom |
| 3rd step of formation of coal | If more sediment is added, pressure and temp force more water and gases out of lignite. changes into bituminous coal (which is 80% carbon) |
| 4th step of formation of coal | if more sedimant accumulates temp. and pressure continue to increase. Bituminous coal slowly changes to anthracite. hardest type of coal 90% carbon |
| what makes coal clean | the more carbon it has |
| How do people remove petroleum and natural gas from the ground? | drilling wells into rock that contains these resources(oil wells) they can also be in the ocean |
| How do people obtain coal? | either by mining deep beneath Earth's surface or by surface mining ( also known as stip mining, is the removal of soil and surface rock to reveal underlying coal deposits) |
| What are some problems with coal mining? | create acid precipitation, surface mining removes nessicary soil, wildlife habitats can be destroyed, lower water tables, pollute water supplies, and can endanger miner's lives |
| What are some Petroleum problems? | producing, transporting, and using petroleum can cause enironmental problems, can endanger wildlife, can cause huge oil spills in oceans killing many animals, and pollutes water |
| Smog | this is caused by the process of burning petroleum, this is a haze that pollutes the air, and prevents the wind from blowing pollutants away |
| nuclear energy | the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction |
| Fission | a process in which the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split into two or more smaller nucle. When this process takes place, a large amount of energy is release. this energy can be used to generate electrical energy. what humans use is made by fission |
| + and - of fission | += no air pollution -= dangerous radioactive waves, can be rleased by accident, cooling towers are used to cool waters from the hot temp it was |
| Fusion | the joining of two or more nuclei to form a larger nucleus. happens naturally in the sun and releases a lot of energy |
| + and - of fusion | += few dangerous wastes, renewable source. -= the reaction can only take place at hot temp., difficult to control, and hard to keep it going. rite now, technology to make fusion a source of energy isnt available |
| hydroelectric energy | electrical energy produced by the flow of water |
| + and - of hydrelectric energy | inexpensive, no air polluution, driven by the water cycl;e which is driven by solar energy. not available everywhere, only where large amounts of water can be found, a dam ruins the habitats of animals, flood habitats, decrease water quality, flooding |
| Wind energy | use of a windmill to drive an electric generator. a cluster of wind turbines can create a lot of energy. wind energy is renewable, and no pollution, but you need a large amount of wind |
| chemical energy from fuel cells | the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds. fuel cells converts chemical energy into electrical energy. there is no pollution, and their byproduct is water, and cars that use fuel cells are more efficiant. |
| solar energy | the energy recieved by Earth from the sun in the form of radiation. this is renewable, is changed into electrical energy through solar cells, cna heat buildings, expensive, no pollution, only an area w/ enough sun |
| geothermal energy | energy produced by heat within Earth. takes the heated water from the solid rocks, heats buildings (steam and hot water heat a fuid, the fluidis pumped through), creates electricity, renewable, few pollutants, only where magme i near the surface. |
| Biomass | plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source.this is when you take energy created by organic matter, and use it to create energy. starts off solid, can turn to liquid, to release biomass energy is to burn it. |
| Biomass (continued) | when you burn biomass, the energy released is heat. the heat can be used to cook, heat a house, or to drive an engine. is inexpensive, can be replaced quickly,a renewable source if the rate that biomass is being used, doesnt go over the rate at |
| biomass (still continued) | which the fuel is replaced, or else habitats can be destroyed, and animals can become extinct, so it is also nonrenewable. This can require a lot of land, that can become unusable |
| What percent of energy used in the world comes from the burning of wood and animal dung? | 14% |
| gasohol | mixture of gasoline and alcohol (from plants w? sugar and starch) that is used as a fuel |
Created by:
kylesmile16