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CCHT Exam Prep
CCHT Study Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AAMI standard for conventional dialysate requires the total microbial count be less than... 100 CFU/mL 200 CFU/mL 300 CFU/mL 400 CFU/mL | 100 CFU/mL |
| A mixed-bed DI tank contains... Anions and sediment Activated charcoal and anions Cations and anions Cations and minerals | Cations and Anions |
| A dialysis tech observes all of the below on the treatment floor, which one poses an environmental risk? About one ounce (30mL) fluid is on the floor A patient's family member is present during initiation of treatment Charts are lying on bedside tables The wheels of the hemodialysis machine are locked | About one ounce (30mL) fluid on the floor |
| A fistula connects... A vein to a vein An artery and a vein to synthetic material An artery to an artery An artery to a vein | An artery to a vein |
| A patient tells the technician that the dietitian reviewed high-potassium foods with her. During the conversation she states she routinely eats the following foods. Which one is highest in potassium? Bananas Ice Cream Pasta Rice | Bananas |
| Abnormal levels of this electrolyte can cause cardiac arrhythmias and even death... Potassium Sodium Bicarbonate Chloride | Potassium |
| A teammate asks you to document the normal saline he just gave to Mr. Smith. You would: Ask what time he gave it and document it with his signature Ask what time he gave it and document it with his signature, as a late entry Ask what time he gave it and document that you gave it Never document something that someone else did | Never document something that someone else did |
| A patient complains of pain at the venous needle site. The dialysis technician observes there is swelling distal to the venous needle site and that the venous pressure is rising. The dialysis technician should suspect... A pseudoaneurysm An infiltration Recirculation Stenosis | An infiltration |
| A dialysis technician observes a drop of blood on the surface of a patient's hemodialysis machine. Which of these actions should the dialysis technician take? Clean the machine surface at the end of treatment Clean the machine surface immediately Notify the equipment technician Notify the nurse | Clean the machine surface immediately |
| A rapid pulse of 104 beats/minute would indicate that the patient has: An arrhythmia Atrial flutter Bradycardia Tachycardia | Tachycardia Rationale: A resting heart rate above 100 bpm is too fast for most people. A fast heart rate, also known as tachycardia, can be caused by health conditions. These conditions can include infection, anaemia (a lack of red blood cells carrying oxygen in your blood) and an overactive thyroid (where too many hormones are made). |
| Acceptable interdialytic weight gains are... 3-5% of TW 6-7% of TW 8-9% of TW 10-11% of TW | 3-5% of TW |
| Feed conductivity minus product conductivity divided by feed conductivity x 100 is the formula for calculating... Percent rejection Total dissolve solids Percent resistivity Total chlorine | Percent rejection |
| A marker used to determine the middle molecule clearance of a dialyzer is... Creatinine Nitrogen Urea Vitamin B12 | Vitamin B12 |
| The AAMI standard for endotoxin levels in conventional dialysate is... Less than 1 EU/mL Less than 0.50 EU/mL Less than 2 EU/mL Less than 100EU/mL | Less than 0.50 EU/mL |
| Dialysate pH should be: Between 5.0-5.4 Between 6.0-6.4 Between 6.9-7.6 Between 8.0-8.4 | Between 6.9-7.6 |
| During predialysis data collection, it would be best for the technician to ask the patient which of these questions? Have you had any problems since your last dialysis treatment? How have you been since your last dialysis treatment? You haven't had any problems since your last treatment, have you? You've been feeling fine since your last treatment, haven't you? | How have you been since your last dialysis treatment? |
| Decreasing the patient's prescribed blood flow rate (BFR) affects the rate of... Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Ultrafiltration |
| All of the following are phosphate binders EXCEPT: Renagel Phos-Lo Tums Vitamin B12 | Vitamin B12 |
| A slow pulse of 54 beats/minute wound indicate the patient has... A normal rate An arryhthmia Bradycardia Tachcardia | Bradycardia Rationale: This means that your heart beats slower than normal. For most adults, a heart rate of about 60 to 100 beats a minute while at rest is considered normal. For some people, bradycardia is healthy and normal. It does not cause any symptoms or problems. |
| A 58-year-old patient who is blind comes to treatment accompanied by his wife. Which of these approaches should the dialysis tech use when interacting with the patient? Avoid using phrases that refer to sight, such as "it looks like..." Describe the activities in the immediate environmnet Give instructions to his wife instead of him Touch the patient before speaking to him | Describe the activities in the immediate environmnet |
| Germicide rebound occurs due to: Germicide bound to the casing Inadequate dialyzer priming Leaching from the potting compound Residual in the O ring | Inadequate dialyzer priming |
| Excess fluid is forced out of the blood and into the dialysate during dialysis by which principle? Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Osmosis |
| During a hemodialysis treatment, a patient says to the technician, 'Three hours of time have passed according to the clock on the wall, but the machine shows that only 2.5 hours have passed. What could be the problem?" The technician should understand that the... Machine requires immediate service Machine was in bypass for 30 minutes Patient has reached their target weight Patient's target weight has decreased | Machine was in bypass for 30 minutes |
| During the hemodialysis treatment, a patient complains of feeling chilled. In addition to getting the patient a blanket, which of these actions should the technician take? Decrease the blood flow rate (BFR)? Increase the bicarbonate concentration in the dialysate Put the patient in Trendelenburg Take the patient's temperature | Take the patient's temperature |
| Fifteen minutes before the end of a hemodialysis treatment, a patient complains of dizziness and nausea. These symptoms are most likely due to: Hyperphosphatemia Hypertension Hypophosphatemia Hypotension | Hypotension |
| Dialysate that is too hot will cause... Air embolism Hemolysis Hypertension Hypokalemia | Hemolysis |
| A female dialysis tech has been caring for a male patient for several months. The pt tells the dialysis tech that he is lonely and depressed. He asks the dialysis tech to go out to dinner with him. In addition to politely declining the pt's invitation, which of these actions, if any, should the dialysis tech take? No further action is needed Recommend an over-the-counter mood stimulant, such as St. John's Wort Refer the pt to the social worker Share the pt's need for socialization c other pts | Refer the pt to the social worker |
| A nephron is made up of: A glomerulus and a tubule system The bladder and the ureters The cortex and a capsule The loop of Henle and the capillary ball | A glomerulus and a tubule system |
| During hemodialysis a patient goes into cardiac arrest. The first action for the dialysis tech is... Apply a pericardial thump to the patient Call for assistance Return the patient's blood Stop ultrafiltration | Call for assistance |
| Asepsis is defined as: An access infection A bloodstream infection A reduction in the number of organisms The absence of disease producing organisms | The absence of disease producing organisms Rationale: Asepsis = absence |
| AAMI Chemical Analysis of water used for hemodialysis is tested: Annually Monthly Semi-annually Quarterly | Annually |
| Fluid to be removed divided by the treatment time tells us... Nothing The conductivity and pH The Kt/V and URR The ultrafiltration Rate | The ultrafiltration rate |
| Biohazardous waste includes any material exposed to: Bicarbonate Blood Heparin Saline | Blood |
| ESKD specific tests such as BUN, Creatinine, and URR are: Good indicators for bone health Helpful in identifying infections or inflammation Indicators of adequate nutrition of the dialysis patient Indicators of the adequacy of the renal replacement therapy | Indicators of the adequacy of the renal replacement therapy |
| A patient who is to receive their first dialysis treatment is prone to... Crenation Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) First use syndrome Steal syndrome | Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) Rationale: a neurological complication that can occur during or immediately after the treatment. DDS is believed to be caused by the rapid removal of substances like urea from the blood, which can lead to an imbalance of fluid in brain cells. This can cause swelling and symptoms such as: weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, restlessness, confusion, seizures, coma, and death. |
| What is First Use Syndrome (FUS) | First use syndrome (FUS) is a group of adverse symptoms that can occur when a patient first uses a new dialyzer during hemodialysis. It's also known as "bio-incompatibility" with the dialysis membrane. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening and can include: Nervousness Chest pain Back pain Palpations Pruritus Wheezing Shortness of breath Hypotension A burning or heat sensation |
| A rise in transmembrane pressure in a low flux dialyzer during hemodialysis is indicative of: Arterial needle malposition Clotting of the extracorporeal circuit Excessive ultrafiltration Hypotension | Clotting of the extracorporeal circuit |
| A true aneurysm can be dangerous because it... can result in hypertension. may cause the patient to have pain in the fingers. may cause the access to clot. may rupture and cause the patient to bleed profusely. | may rupture and cause the patient to bleed profusely. |
| Sepsis is: | a serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an infection. The infection-fighting processes turn on the body, causing the organs to work poorly. Sepsis may progress to septic shock. This is a dramatic drop in blood pressure that can damage the lungs, kidneys, liver and other organs. |
| Septicemia is: | AKA sepsis, is the body's extreme response to an infection that can enter the bloodstream. This infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and can start in many places in the body, including the bloodstream, bones, bowel, kidneys, brain, liver, gallbladder, lungs, or skin. |
| Target weight is defined as the... difference between the last post weight and the pre weight for the present treatment. weight at which the patient has no edema or fluid in the lungs and BP is normal. weight the patient wants to be. weight that the patient was at the end of their last dialysis treatment. | weight the patient wants to be. Rationale: think "target weight equals goal weight." |
| During a hemodialysis treatment the technician responds to a low venous pressure alarm. The most likely cause for this alarm is: Clot in the venous drip chamber Disconnection of the blood line Kinking of the blood line Venous needle infiltration | Disconnection of the blood line |
| Decreasing the patient's prescribed blood flow rate affects the rate of... diffusion. filtration. osmosis. ultrafiltration. | diffusion. |
| During the set-up of a hemodialysis machine, the alarm test for conductivity fails. Which of these actions should the dialysis technician take? Change the manufacturer's default settings. Clear the alarm and initiate treatment as prescribed. Notify the equipment technician. Re-bed the carbon tanks and postpone the treatment. | Notify the equipment technician. |
| Excess fluid is forced out of the blood and into the dialysate during dialysis by which principle? Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Ultrafiltration |
| Lidocaine is administered... intradermally intravenously subcutaneous transdermally | intradermally |
| Mr. Jones demonstrates how to wash his access. This is an example of which adult learning principle? Affection Cognitive Motor Skill Psychomotor | Psychomotor |
| Patient exposure to chloramines during the hemodialysis treatment may cause: bleeding hemolysis hyponatremia pyrogenic reaction | hemolysis |
| Symptoms of hyperkalemia may include... hypertension hypotension numbness and tingling ringing in the ears | numbness and tingling |
| Short frequent hemodialysis treatments in patients with high BUN (blood urea nitrogen) are performed to prevent: Cardiac arrhythmias Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome Excessive anticoagulation Rapid decrease in hematocrit | Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) |
| The extracorporeal circuit consists of the... acid and the bicarbonate. blood lines and the dialyzer. machine and the water system. patient's arteries and veins. | blood lines and the dialyzer. Rationale: EXTRAcorporeal (outside) system of blood dialyzation. |
| The bruit in an AV fistula or graft is detected by... feeling (palpating) the access. listening with a stethoscope. taking a blood pressure. the dialysis machine pressure monitors. | listening with a stethoscope. |
| The medication used to improve calcium absorption is: Epogen Heparin Lidocaine Zemplar | Zemplar Rationale: Epogen is given to treat anemia because it assists with the creation of red blood cells (RBCs). Heparin is given as a blood thinner to help prevent clotting during treatment. Lidocaine is given as a local anesthetic before cannulation of the patient's access site. Zemplar is a synthetic (man-made) form of vitamin D. It helps to reduce parathyroid hormone levels and may help your body absorb calcium and phosphorus. |
| Why would Zemplar be prescribed for a patient? | Zemplar is indicated for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients 5 years of age and older with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. |
| Name the two compartments of the dialyzer: Conventional and high flux Convection and absorption Blood and dialysate Venous and arterial | Blood and dialysate |
| The water softener... is monitored at least once a week. is monitored by checking the water pH. operates on the principle of ion exchange. removes bacteria. | operates on the principle of ion exchange. |
| Ultrafiltration is influenced by... concentration gradient. dialysate temperature. transmembrane pressure. solute drag. | transmembrane pressure. |
| Waste products are removed during dialysis by which principle? Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Diffusion |
| The venous needle in an AV fistula: Should be placed retrograde Should be placed in an aneurysm Should be placed antegrade Should be placed in anastomosis | Should be placed antegrade |
| Which learning domain is behavioral based? Affective Cognitive Motor Skill Psychomotor | Affective |
| When cannulating, the tips of the needles should be at least... 1.0 inches apart. 0.5 inches apart. 2.0 inches apart. 1.5 inches apart. | 1.5 inches apart. |
| A decrease in transmembrane pressure in a high flux dialyzer during hemodialysis is indicative of: Venous needle malposition. Excessive ultrafiltration. Clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. Nothing - this is normla for high flux. | Clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. |
| A reason why a dialysis technician is to be certified is: DaVita requires it It is a CMS requirement To show proof of training To test your knowledge of dialysis | It is a CMS requirement |
| A pt's lab results indicate that the predialysis BUN level was lower than the post dialysis BUN level. When interpreting these findings the tech should seek the answer to which of these questions? Was the machine in bypass during the post sampling? Was the patient's heparin pump turned off when the post sample was drawn? Was the post dialysis sample drawn correctly? Was the port used for predialysis sampling cleaned with disinfectant? | Was the post dialysis sample drawn correctly? |
| A patient's target weight is 154.0 lb (70 kg) and the patient's pre treatment weight is 158.4 lb (72 kg). For a four-hour treatment, how many mL/hour must the patient lose to reach dry weight? 250 500 750 1000 | 500 |
| Abnormal levels of this electrolyte can cause cardiac arrhythmias and even death. Potassium Sodium Bicarbonate Chloride | Potassium |
| Albumin is an important test that tells about the patients' __________ status. adequacy anemia bone health nutritional | nutritional |
| All of the following may be signs and symptoms of an infected access EXCEPT : fever and swelling of the access numbness and tingling redness and warmth tenderness and drainage | numbness and tingling |
| Before a hemodialysis treatment, the technician removes the cap from the fistula needle and accidentally touches the chair with the tip of the needle. Which of these actions should the technician take first? Continue to cannulate with the needle Discard the needle Place the needle in alcohol for five minutes Put on new PPE | Discard the needle |
| During a hemodialysis treatment, a patient's venous needle infiltrates. Which of these actions should the dialysis technician take first? Apply ice to the area Draw blood for a hematocrit Insert another needle Stop the blood pump | Stop the blood pump |
| During hemodialysis, the air detector on Ms. Foster's machine alarms and foam is visible in the venous drip chamber. The immediate action of the dialysis technician should be to: Assess needle placement Clamp the venous line Mute the alarm Return the blood | Clamp the venous line Rationale: Do this to avoid air going into the venous access and causing an air embolism |
| ESKD stands for: | End-stage kidney disease. AKA end-stage renal disease (ESRD). |
| AKI stands for: | Acute kidney injury --- this is a sudden and often reversible decline in kidney function. Previously known as acute renal failure (ARF). AKI usually occurs as a complication of another serious illness and can range from minor loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure. |
| URR stands for: | urea reduction ratio (URR) This is a blood test that measures how much urea is reduced during hemodialysis. One measure of how effectively a dialysis treatment removed waste products from the body and is commonly expressed as a percentage.Urea, aka blood urea nitrogen (BUN), is a waste product that's easy to measure. Before and after dialysis, a blood sample is taken and tested for urea levels. Pt's average URR should be above 65%. |
| A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that: Allows only certain sized particles to cross Prevents fungal contamination Can distinguish between particles Is biocompatible and hypoallergenic | Allows only certain sized particles to cross |
| Mrs. Smith's target weight is 62 kg. Her pretreatment weight when she came in for treatment on Monday was 67 kg. The priming saline amount is 240 mL, the rinseback amount is 200 mL, fluid from medications is 100 mL, and she is not allowed any fluids during treatment. What is the total amount of fluid weight to be removed during her treatment? 5,000 mL 5,230 mL 5,540 mL 5,820 mL | 5,540 mL |
| Based on Mrs. Smith's total amount of fluid to be removed, what is the ultrafiltration rate per hour (mL/hr) for her 4-hour treatment? 1,220 mL/hr 1,385 mL/hr 1,440 mL/hr 1,500 mL/hr | 1,385 mL/hr |
| Hives, itching, tightness of the chest and respiratory distress may be signs and symptoms of: A pyrogen reaction An air embolism Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome | Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction). |
| Hyperkalemia can lead to... abdominal cramping. cardiac arrest. constipation. excessive thirst. | cardiac arrest. |
| If a patient develops an infection post transplant, the largest contributing factor would most likely be: immunosuppressive medication placement of the kidney close to the intestines poor patient hygiene surgical incisions | immunosuppressive medication |
| If the extracorporeal circuit clots and it must be discarded, it would be most important to monitor the patient's serum level of: Hemoglobin Potassium Sodium Urea | Hemoglobin |
| During dialyzer reprocessing, the blood compartment is tested to... check dialyzer for membrane leaks. check dialyzer for total cell volume. check dialyzer for ultrafiltration rate. check dialyzer for presence of sterilant. | check dialyzer for total cell volume. |
| Infection control protocols for hemodialysis equipment should include which of these actions by the caregiver? Changing the machine between patients Culturing the ports of the machine after each patient Using gloves when touching the machine Wiping the machine with a bleach solution after an alarm sounds | Using gloves when touching the machine |
| Low albumin levels in the dialysis patient have been linked with: Decreased edema and infection rate Higher hospitalization and death rates Higher incidence of clotting in the vascular access Lower cholesterol and less heart disease | Higher hospitalization and death rates |
| A medication that dialyzes off easily is: Digozin Gentamycin Tobramycin Vitamin C | Digoxin |
| Mr. Jones suffers from constipation. He goes to the drug store to buy a laxative. Mr. Jones should avoid which medication? Colace Dulcolax Metamucil Milk of Magnesia | Milk of Magnesia |
| Mr. Roberts verbalizes how to hand crank his blood pump in the event of an emergency. This is an example of which adult principle? Affective Cognitive Motor Skill Psychomotor | Cognitive |
| Mrs. Pruitt's temperature is elevated post-hemodialysis treatment. Which of these actions should the dialysis technician take? Administer Tylenol Discharge the patient No action is needed Notify the nurse | Notify the nurse |
| Mrs. Smith arrives for dialysis treatment complaining of shortness of breath. Her pre-dialysis weight is 4.7 kilograms above the last post-treatment weight. The dialysis technician reweighed and verified the weight. Which of the actions should the dialysis technician take next? Advise patient to meet with the dietitian Immediately initiate treatment Instruct the patient to decrease fluid intake between treatments Notify the nurse of the need for an assessment | Notify the nurse of the need for an assessment |
| Ms. Foster complains of shortness of breath. While calling for the nurse the dialysis technician notices there is air in the extracorporeal circuit she/he should place Ms. Foster in: A supine position with legs elevated Semi-fowlers position Trendelenburg position on left side Trendelenburg position on right side | Trendelenburg position on left side |
| One reason that normal saline is used to prime and perform recirculation for the extracorporeal circuit prior to treatment is to remove: Air Bacteria Carbon filings Residual chlorine | Air |
| Normal body pH is: 7.0-7.25 7.25-7.35 7.35-7.45 7.45-7.55 | 7.35-7.45 |
| One disadvantage of a fistula is an increase in... clotting. biocompatibility. infections. time to mature. | time to mature. |
| One cause of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms is: Improper site preparation Needle infiltrations Poor rotation of sites Using tourniquets | Poor rotation of sites |
| The air detector alarms during treatment. If the machine is working properly, the dialysis technician should expect which of these events to have occurred? Blood flow rate has been increased Blood pump has stopped Dialysate temperature has increased Dialyzer was bypassed | Blood pump has stopped |
| Pain at the venous needle site, along with respiratory difficulty and chest pain could be an indicator of: Crenation First use syndrome Hyperkalemia Sterilant infusion | Sterilant infusion |
| One sign and symptom of fluid overload is... anemia. hyperparathyroidism. hypertension. skin turgor. | hypertension. |
| Solutions that have a higher osmolarity than body fluids are called? Hpertonic Hypotonic Hyperosmolar Isotonic | Hypertonic |
| Sam's TW is 70 kilograms (kg). He arrives for treatment today at a weight of 70 kg. He complains of shortness of breath and you notice his ankles are swollen. You notify the charge nurse. What do you think will be the plan for Sam's treatment today? The nurse will ask you to give Sam fluid during treatment The nurse will ask you to remove no fluid during treatment The nurse will get an order to decrease the TW The nurse will get an order to increase the TW | The nurse will get an order to decrease the TW |
| The accuracy of lab results depends on adherence to proper lab draw technique. You must ensure that labs are drawn: anytime during the treatment, using any tube, and from the venous port at the right time, right site, and right order before the start of the treatment only before treatment, after treatment, and after giving heparin | at the right time, right site, and right order |
| Prior to cannulation a technician notices the skin over the patient's fistula is reddened and warm to touch. These symptoms are most likely due to: a hematoma an aneursym an infection an infiltration | an infection |
| The medication used to treat anemia is: Epogen Heparin Lidocaine Zemplar | Epogen |
| The most important monitor in the dialysis setting is: conductivity pH staff venous alarm | staff |
| The normal range of resting respirations in an adult is: 12 - 20 breaths per minute 20 - 30 breaths per minute 30 - 40 breaths per minute 40 - 50 breaths per minute | 12 - 20 breaths per minute |
| The dextrose used in the dialysate for peritoneal dialysis can cause: hypercalcemia hyperglycemia hypocalcemia hypoglycemia | hyperglycemia |
| The leading cause of chronic kidney disease for adults in the United States: Diabetes Glomerulonephritis Hypertension Urinary obstruction | Diabetes |
| The organization that has as a goal to 'improve the care and outcomes of all individuals with kidney disease' is called: AAMI JACHO KDOQI USRDS | KDOQI Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative |
| The dialysis technician's role in patient education is to: Assess pt's barriers to learning Determine pt's level of readiness to learn Educate pts on all aspects of their care Reinforce educational information provided | Reinforce educational information provided |
| The most important intervention to prevent the spread of infection is: Performing hand hygiene Disinfecting surfaces Immunizing patients and staff Using personal protective equipment | Performing hand hygiene |
| The movement of fluid from the tissues toward a higher concentration of sodium in the blood is an example of: Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Osmosis |
| The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: Calyx Cortex Medulla Nephron | Nephron |
| The National standard, based on the KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) guidelines, for the Urea Reduction Rate (URR) is a ratio greater than: 45% 55% 65% 75% | 65% |
| The most important member of the patient care team is the: dietitian nurse patient technician | patient |
| How do you know if a patient can safely disconnect themselves in an emergency? Ask the patient and he/she will tell you Hand out a written quiz and see who passes Let the patient show you after a treatment Show the patient a video once a month | Let the patient show you after a treatment |
| ‘Dwell time’ in peritoneal dialysis is defined as: The amount of time it takes to drain the peritoneal fluid The amount of time it takes dialysis to occur The amount of time the peritoneal fluid remains in the abdomen The amount of time it takes to fill the peritoneal cavity with fluid | The amount of time the peritoneal fluid remains in the abdomen |
| Dialysate conductivity measures: The total electrical charge of a solution The total level of alkalinity of a solution The total level of acidity of a solution The total percentage of solutes of a solution | The total electrical charge of a solution |
| Which statement is true about kidney transplantation? There is a shortage of available kidney donors. Transplantation is the best option for everyone. Mortality rate is high for transplanted patients. Transplantation is the only way to cure kidney failure. | There is a shortage of available kidney donors. |
| All of the following are benefits of using a tourniquet when cannulating an arteriovenous fistula except: Makes fistula more visible Decreases the risk of infiltration Reduces risk of infection Reduces pain with needle insertion | Reduces risk of infection |
| The usual fluid allowance for a person with kidney failure is: 1.0 to 1.5 liters per day. 2.0 to 2.5 liters per day. 3.0 to 3.5 liters per day. 4.0 to 4.5 liters per day. | 1.0 to 1.5 liters per day. |
| AAMI stands for: | Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation |
| JACHO stands for: | oint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| USRDS stands for: | United States Renal Data System |
| The scale says a patient weights 70 kg. This is the same as weighing how many pounds (lb)? 125 144 154 168 | 154 |
| The organization that sets the standards for dialysis water quality is called: AAMI JACHO KDOQI USRDS | AAMI |
| Total cell volume (TCV) is an indirect measure of the: Blood leak Contamination of the dialyzer Performance of the dialyzer Residual chemicals | Performance of the dialyzer |
| Total chlorine levels in the water are tested... at the end of the day and as needed. at the beginning and the end of the day. before each patient shift and every four hours. before first patient shift and as needed. | before each patient shift and every four hours. |
| The purpose of using counter-current flow is to... decrease the amount of dialysate used. decrease the surface area of the membrane. increase the rate of fluid removal. increase the rate of waste removal. | increase the rate of waste removal. |
| Water moves across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration by which principle: Diffusion Filtration Osmosis Ultrafiltration | Osmosis |
| What are the typical signs of fluid overload? edema and shortness of breath hypotension and cramping nausea and vomiting numbness and tingling | edema and shortness of breath |
| The usual heparin sodium concentration for anticoagulation during hemodialysis is: 1,000u/ml 5,000u/ml 10,000u/ml 15,000u/ml | 1,000u/ml |
| To determine the patency of an arteriovenous vascular access, the dialysis technician should initially feel for the presence of... a bruit a pulse a thrill edema | a thrill |
| The water softener removes... bicarbonate precipitate. calcium and magnesium. chlorine and chloramines. iron and other heavy metals. | calcium and magnesium. |
| The reprocessed dialyzer is carefully rinsed prior to patient use to remove: bacteria complement deposits residual blood residual germicide | residual germicide |
| The part of the cell wall of bacteria that, when released, can cause fever in hemodialysis patients is: Endotoxin Nucleus Red blood cell Transferrin | Endotoxin |
| The total pressure that exists across the dialyzer membrane is called... hydrostatic pressure. oncotic pressure. osmotic pressure. transmembrane pressure. | transmembrane pressure. |
| The substance that may be added to the municipal drinking water to make it clearer is: Alum Bleach Potassium Zinc | Alum |
| Which of the following is the most accurate measure of dialysis adequacy? Creatinine Clearance Creatinine Generation Kt/V URR | Kt/V |
| Which component in dialysate is used to correct metabolic acidosis? Bicarbonate Magnesium Potassium Sodium | Bicarbonate |
| Which of the following is most likely to cause a high venous pressure alarm? Disconnection of the blood line High water pressure Kinking of the venous blood line Low water pressure | Kinking of the venous blood line |
| What lab tests are used to monitor anemia in the ESKD patient? Albumin/Potassium BUN/KT/V Calcium/ Phosphorus Hemoglobin/Hematocrit | Hemoglobin/Hematocrit |
| Which learning domain is knowledge based? Affective Cognitive Motor Skill Psychomotor | Cognitive |
| Which of the following is the classic sign of hemolysis? Black blood in the arterial line Black blood in the venous line Clear looking blood in the arterial line Cranberry juice colored blood in the venous line | Cranberry juice colored blood in the venous line |
| Which food below is highest in phosphorus? Bananas Ice Cream Pasta Rice | Ice Cream |
| When fluid replacement is necessary during the hemodialysis treatment, which of the following solutions is used? 0.45% normal saline 0.9% normal saline 5% dextrose in normal saline 5% dextrose in water | 0.9% normal saline |
| Which of the following is NOT a symptom of uremia? Elevated hematocrit Decreased ability to concentrate Itching Lack of appetite | Elevated hematocrit |
| Which of the following is a cause of hypotension during and after dialysis treatments? Over the counter cold medicine Patient forgetting to take their blood pressure pills Removing too much fluid Uremia | Removing too much fluid |
| Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of an increased temperature pre dialysis? The patient has a cold The patient has an access infection The patient has fluid overload The patient has the flu | The patient has fluid overload |
| Which of the following is considered to be safe water for dialysis? city water dialysis quality water tap water well water | dialysis quality water |
| Which of the following is the largest gauge? 18 gauge 20 gauge 25 gauge 27 gauge | 18 gauge |
| Which of the following actions would increase diffusion during dialysis? decreasing the ultrafiltration rate giving more saline with treatment giving EPO to increase the hematocrit using a bath that will provide a greater concentration gradient | using a bath that will provide a greater concentration gradient |
| EPO stands for: | Erythropoietin (EPO) a hormone produced in the kidneys, can increase hematocrit (Htc) levels. EPO binds to cells and activates genes that promote cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis, which increases the body's total hemoglobin and Htc. This increase in Htc can improve exercise performance by increasing arterial oxygen content. However, higher Htc levels can also increase blood viscosity, which may limit cardiac performance. |
| Which of the following diffuses from the patient's blood during dialysis? bacteria fluid protein urea | urea |
| What is the most important activity that the dialysis technician can perform to prevent the spread of infectious disease in the dialysis clinic? Hand hygiene Wearing a mask Wearing gloves Wearing protective equipment | Hand hygiene |
| Which of the following symptoms would indicate a need to increase the target weight? Edema and hypertension Fever and chills Hypotension and cramping Shortness of breath and neck vein distension | Hypotension and cramping |
| Your patient is to receive 2000 units of heparin. The vial you are using is 1000u/ml heparin. How many mls will you draw up for this patient? 1.0 2.0 10 20 | 2.0 |
| Which of these types of vascular accesses has the fewest complications? A Scribner shunt A synthetic graft A subclavian catheter An arteriovenous fistula | An arteriovenous fistula |
| Which of the following is used to prevent air in the bloodlines? Allow the normal saline bag to run dry Maintain prescribed blood flow rates Monitor patient's blood pressure Tighten all connections | Tighten all connections |
| Which organization establishes the standards and recommendations for dialyzer reprocessing? AAMI CDC CMS FDA | AAMI |
| Which of the following would cause a high venous pressure alarm? Blood flow rate is decreased Patient has pulled out the venous needle Patient just received a 200 ml normal saline bolus Venous needle is against the wall of the vessel | Venous needle is against the wall of the vessel |
| Which of the following might indicate a need to decrease the heparin dose? Clotting in the extracorporeal circuit The patient has an access infection The patient has a catheter with poor blood flow The patient had surgery yesterday | The patient had surgery yesterday |
| Which of the following might indicate the need to increase heparin? Clotting in the extracorporeal circuit Prolonged bleeding post treatment The patient is having surgery tomorrow The patient is taking aspirin every day | Clotting in the extracorporeal circuit |
| Which of these technician activities contributes to data collection used to measure quality outcomes? Attending educational programs Ensuring accurate documentation Maintaining professional boundaries Participating in staff meetings | Ensuring accurate documentation |
| You have documented incorrectly on a patient's chart. How do you correct this? circle it, initial, write correct information above entry white out entry, write correct information, initial draw line through wrong entry, write error, initial/date entry circle wrong entry, writer error, initial/date entry | draw line through wrong entry, write error, initial/date entry |
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gemac5