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Other Systems
Integumentary Pathology, Types of Wounds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of Arterial insufficiency Ulcer | characterized by the narrowing of arterial vessels that impedes the delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues |
| Cause of Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer | peripheral artery disease is typically linked to the development of arterial insufficiency ulcers; risk factors include atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking |
| Time Frame to heal Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer | typically heal by secondary intention with adequate blood supply and wound healing interventions |
| Define Cellulitis | refers to a noncontagious bacterial skin infection occurring in the dermal and subcutaneous layers |
| Characteristics of Cellulitis | typically present with visible signs of inflammation including localized redness, warmth, tenderness, and edema that progressively worsens |
| Prognosis for Cellulitis | early detection and treatment are vital in reducing complications and systemic infection; untreated cellulitis can spread causing potentially fatal septicemia |
| Define Contact Dermatitis | common skin disease that can occur at any age. occurs with exposure to mechanical, chemical, environmental, or biological agents |
| Signs and Symptoms of Contact Dermatitis | patients experience intense itching, burning, and red skin in areas corresponding to the location of the topical irritation |
| Cause of Eczema | a group of disorders that cause chronic skin inflammation typically due to an immune system abnormality, allergic reaction, or external irritant |
| People at Risk for Eczema | infants, children, and genetics are at a higher risk for many forms of eczema |
| Signs of Eczema | clinical signs include red or brown-gray, itchy, lichenified skin plaques |
| Where is Gangrene most commonly affected in the body | fingers, toes, and limbs are most often affected |
| Risk Factors of Gangrene | occurs most commonly in blood vessel disease, such as diabetes, or atherosclerosis |
| Characteristics of Gangrene | presents as dark brown or black nonviable tissue that eventually becomes a hardened mass |
| Most Common People with Neuropathic Ulcer | occurs most frequently in the diabetic population and are often referred to as diabetic ulcers |
| Risk Factor of Neuropathic Ulcer | at-risk areas include those that are routinely subjected to pressure during normal weight bearing, atypical stresses due to structural changes or improper fitting footwear |
| Healing Time Frame for Neuropathic Ulcer | will typically heal by secondary intention with appropriate wound healing interventions and the absence of complications (infection, severe arterial insufficiency) |
| Define Plaque Psoriasis | chronic autoimmune disease of the skin; most common of the five types of psoriasis. T cells trigger inflammation within the skin and produce an accelerated rate of skin cell growth |
| Characteristics of Plaque Psoriasis | clinical signs involve red raised blotches that typically present in a bilateral fashion |
| Causes of Pressure Ulcers | impaired cognition, poor nutrition, altered sensation, incontinence, decreased lean body mass, and infection |
| Cause of Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | typically results from venous hypertension which may present idiopathically, secondary to valve incompetence or peripheral impedance |
| Relief in Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | pain complaints are typically mild and relieved with elevation or use of compression garments |
| Treatment Option for Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | treatment of a venous insufficiency ulcer and the underlying pathology should allow for a normal course of recovery without residual deficits |
| The rubor of dependency test is used to assess the presence of which condition? | arterial insufficiency |
| Which of the following skin disorders may also result in arthritic symptoms? | psoriasis |
| Define Abrasion | a wound caused by a combination of friction and shear forces typically over a rough surface, resulting in the scraping away of the skin's superficial layers |
| Define Avulsion | a soft tissue avulsion sometimes referred to as degloving, is a serious wound resulting from tension that causes skin to become detached from underlying structures |
| Define Incisional Wound | most often associated with surgery and is created intentionally by means of a sharp object such as scalpel or scissors |
| Define laceration | a wound or irregular tear of tissues often associated with trauma that can result from shear, tension, or high force compression |
| Define Penetrating Wound | can result fro various mechanisms of injury and is described as a wound that enters the interior or an organ or cavity |
| Define Puncture Wound | made by a sharp pointed object as it penetrates the skin and underlying tissues |
| Define Skin Tear | results from trauma to fragile skin such as bumping into an object, adhesive removal, shear or friction forces |
| Underlying Cause of Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer | wounds resulting from arterial insufficiency occurs secondary to inadequate circulation of oxygenated blood (ischemia) often due to complicating factors such as atherosclerosis |
| Underlying Cause of Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | wounds resulting from venous insufficiency occur secondary to impaired functioning of the venous system resulting in inadequate circulation and eventual tissue damage and ulceration |
| Underlying Cause of Neuropathic Ulcer | secondary complication usually associated with a combination of ischemia and neuropathy. often associated with diabetes, however, any form of peripheral neuropathy poses an increased risk of wound development |
| Underlying Cause of Pressure Ulcer | result from sustained or prolonged pressure on tissue at levels greater than that of capillary pressure. skin covering bony prominences is particularly susceptible to localized ischemia and tissue necrosis due to pressure |
| Location of Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer | lower one-third of leg, toes, and web spaces (distal toes, dorsal foot, and lateral malleolus) |
| Location of Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | proximal to the medial malleolus |
| Location of Neuropathic Ulcer | areas of the foot susceptible to pressure or shear forces during weight bearing |
| Appearance of Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer | smooth edges, well defined; lack granulation tissue; tend to be deep |
| Appearance of Venous Insufficiency Ulcer | irregular shape; shallow |
| Appearance of Neuropathic Ulcer | well-defined oval or circle; callused rom; cracked periwound tissue; little to no wound bed necrosis with good granulation |
| The most appropriate action to temporarily relieve night pain due to an arterial insufficiency ulcer is to? | place the legs in a dependent position |
| Lower extremity pain that is most prominent during sleep and awakens the patient is most consistent with | arterial insufficiency |
| What is the most common location for an arterial insufficiency ulcer? | lateral malleoli, dorsum of the feet and toes |
| Which lower extremity peri-wound characteristic would suggest that arterial insufficiency is a major contributing factor to the wound development? | hairless skin |
| Which treatment option is most appropriate when treating a venous insufficiency ulcer? | external compression of the limb |
| Define Contusion | an injury, usually caused by a blow, that doesn't disrupt skin integrity. the injury is characterized by pain, edema, and discoloration which appears as a result of blood seepage under the surface of the skin |
| Define Dehiscence | the seperation, rupture, or splitting of a wound closed by primary intention. this disruption of previously approximated surfaces may be superficial or involve all layers of tissue |
| Define Dermis | the vascular layer of skin located below the epidermis containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, lymphatic and blood vessels, and nerve endings |
| Define Ecchymosis | the discoloration occurring below intact skin resulting from trauma to underlying blood vessels and blood seeping into tissues. an area where ecchymosis is present is commonly referred to as a bruise |
| Define Epidermis | the superficial, avascular epithelial layer of the skin that includes flat, scale-like squamous cells, round basal cells, and melanocytes which produce melanin and give skin its color |
| Define Erythema | a diffuse redness of the skin often resulting from capillary dilation and congestion or inflammation |
| Define Hematoma | a localized swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to a tissue, organ or space usually by a break in a blood vessel |
| Define Hypergranulation | increased thickness of the granular layer of the epidermis that exceeds the surface height of the skin |
| Define Hyperpigmentation | an excess of pigment in a tissue that causes it to appear darker than surrounding tissues |
| Define Hypertrophic Scar | an abnormal scar resulting from excessive collagen formation during healing. a hypertrophic scar is typically raised, red, and firm with disorganized collagen fibers |
| Define Keloid Scar | an abnormal scar formation that is out of proportion to the scarring required for normal tissue repair and is comprised of irregularly distributed collagen bands. |
| Characteristic of a Keloid Scar | a keloid scar typically exceeds the boundaries of the original wound appearing red, thick, raised, and firm |
| Define Maceration | the skin softening and degeneration that results from prolonged exposure to water or other fluids |
| Define Normotrophic Scar | a scar characterized by the organized formation of collagen fibers that align in a parallel fashion |
| Define Turgor | the relative speed with which the skin resumes its normal appearance after being lightly pinched. turgor is an indicator of skin elasticity and hydration andn normally occurs more slowly in older adults |
| Define Ulcer | an open sore or lesion of the skin accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue |
| Define Allograft (homograft) | a temporary skin graft taken from another human, usually a cadaver, in order to cover a large burned area |
| Define Autograft | a permanent skin graft skin taken from a donor site on the patient's own body |
| Define Donor Site | a site where healthy skin is taken and used as a graft |
| Define Escharotomy | a surgical procedure that opens or removes eschar from a bur site to reduce tension on a surrounding structure, relieve pressure fro interstitial edema, and subsequently enhance circulation |
| Define Full-Thickness Graft | a skin graft that contains the dermis and epidermis |
| Define Heterograft (xenograft) | a temporary skin graft taken from another species |
| Define Mesh Graft | a skin graft that is altered to create a mesh-like pattern in order to cover a larger surface area |
| Define Recipient Site | a site that has been burned and requires a graft |
| Define Sheet Graft | a skin graft that is transferred directly from the unburned donor site to the prepared recipient site |
| Define Split-Thickness Graft | a ski graft that contains only a superficial layer of the dermis in addition to the epidermis |
| Define Z-Plasty | a surgical procedure to eliminate a scar contracture. an incision in the shape of a "z" allows the contracture to change configuration and lengthen the scar |
| When is serous exudate usually observed? | normally during the inflammation and proliferation phases |
| Which term best describes the drying out or dehydration of a wound? | desiccation |
| Which of the following terms would best describe a cat scratch on the forearm of a patient? | excoriation |
| Define Excoriation | any form of linear erosion on the surface of the skin. the most common form is a cut on the skin |
| Abnormal firmness and hardening around a wound would be characteristic of? | induration |
Created by:
bradenator8