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Statistics Quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the take home message for the metaphor statistics is like a toolbox? | Statistics are like tools, experience leads to skill, and need to match the tool to the job |
| Hard Fact | Information supported by strong, convincing evidence; this means that, so far as we know we cannot deny, however we can examine or test it |
| Alternative Fact | Things people do not agree with |
| Dark Figure | Measure of uncertainty and the items not accounted for in the study |
| Number Laundering | Advocates want a number, but there is no study, gets a life of its own due to authorities repeating the guess |
| False-Positives | Occur when a definition is so broad |
| False-Negatives | Occur when something should be counted, but isn't due to the narrow definition |
| Operational Definition | Center study on variables you can control, manipulate, and observe |
| Knowledge equals what? | Facts + evidence + confidence |
| Random Sampling | Is the best, everyone has an equal chance of being selected |
| Convenient Sampling | Used the most, select people who are close to them and it is convenient for the person controlling the study |
| If it is not a random sampling then there is... | Bias and losing generalizability |
| Reliability | Repeatability |
| Test-Test | Over time |
| Inter-Rater | Across observers |
| Split-Half | Over two randomly selected halves of a survey |
| Internal Consistency | Across items on a survey |
| Validity | Are you measuring what you say you are measuring? Are your results due to what you think they are due to? Also have control for confounds and have a good hypothesis |
| Authority | An expert tells me it is true |
| Tenacity | It has always been this way |
| Reason | Rules of Logic |
| Modus Ponens | If it is snowing, then there are clouds in the sky. It is snowing. Therefore there are clouds in the sky |
| Modus Tollens | If it is snowing, then there are clouds in the sky. There are not clouds in the sky. Therefore it is not snowing. |
| Science | Careful, dispassionate observation tells me so. It is the best one that creates the truth. |
| What are 8 points of Pseudoscience? | Lack of falsifiability, extensive use of ad hoc strategies, doesn't subject itself to peer-review, doesn't rely on self-correction, no safeguards against confirmation bias, overuse of anecdotal evidence, and ad antequitem fallacy. |
| What idea is Kitty Genovese connected to? | Bystander intervention |
| As the number of bystanders increases, the likelihood of helping what? | Decreases |
| Variables | Anything that can exist in more than one amount |
| Independent Variable | Manipulated or controlled by the investigator |
| Dependent Variable | Measured by the investigator |
| Population | All people to whom you want the results to apply |
| Sample | A subset of the population from whom you collect data |
| Random Selection | How you get your subjects |
| Random Assignment | How you get your subjects into groups and each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to a given group |
| True Experiment | Has an independent variable, dependent variable, and a random assignment |
| Quasi-Experimental | Random assignment of group to the condition and doesn't control for as many confounding variables |
| Correlational Study | Measures existing variables rather than manipulating them variables and it cannot determine cause and effect |
Created by:
MOWGaming04
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