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Biology
Chapters 23,24,25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The early atmosphere of Earth consisted mainly of water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. water vapor, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. | Water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide |
| What type of evidence for evolution would arise from a comparison of the DNA sequence of humans and monkeys? fossil record historical anatomical biogeographical biochemical | biochemical |
| The wings of birds and insects are_____ structures. analogous simple vestigial molecular homologous | analogous |
| What happens in chimps and humans when the snout is shortened considerably? The sense of smell is dramatically reduced. The eyes move to the front and allow for stereoscopic vision. Canine teeth are lost. This allows for the development of | The eyes move to the front and allow for stereoscopic vision. |
| Which of the following hypotheses propose a manner in which DNA becomes the genetic material that living organisms have today? biological evolution thermal vent evolution RNA-first hypothesis panspermia | RNA First Hypothesis |
| How is carbon dioxide made available to living organisms? by decay by breathing by combustion by photosynthesis by cellular respiration | by Photosynthesis |
| The atmosphere would be considered what component of a chemical cycle? biotic community source reservoir exchange pool | exchange pool |
| What is another name for autotrophs? omnivores herbivores carnivores detritus feeders producers | Producers |
| What is another name for the taiga? coniferous forest tropical rain forest savanna prairie tundra | Coniferous forest |
| What is the definition of biosphere? region that has a specific climate and geographical makeup portion of the earth that contains living organisms region of earth where organisms interact with each other and the physical environment area t | portion of earth that contains living organisms |
| Which of the following is the greatest problem that a LDC faces as it tries to become a sustainable society? overpopulation in LDC the governmental system of the LDCs geographical location of the LDCs the lack of biodiversity within most LD | Overpopulation in LDC |
| Which of the following would be an example of an organism that provides direct benefit by consumptive use value? rice armadillos rosy periwinkle wheat trees | Trees |
| What organization oversees the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the United States? NIH USGS NSF EPA USDA | EPA |
| Which organism is more likely to suffer due to biological magnification? mouse hawk earthworms caterpillar minnow | Hawk |
| Which of the following is considered a basic human right? access to enough nutrient rich land to grow food on access to clean drinking water the opportunity purchase a home access to coastal areas to enable individuals to fish for their own | access drinking water |
| Which of the following genetic disorders is due to a lack of the lysosome enzyme hex A? Marfan syndrome cystic fibrosis Tay-Sachs disease sickle-cell disease Huntington disease | Tay-SACHS disease |
| Which variable has the stronger influence on the color of an individual's skin? the amount of time spent in the sun and the individual's genotype the individual's phenotype the amount of time spent in the sun the individual's genotype | the amount of time spent in the sun and the individuals genotype |
| What is the inheritance pattern of sickle-cell disease? autosomal dominant pleiotropic sex-linked autosomal recessive | autosomal recessive |
| What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand? DNA polymerase DNA ligase DNA helicase DNA replicase DNA telomerase | DNA Polymerase |
| Which of the following is a coding RNA? tRNA mRNA rRNA small RNA large RNA | mRNA |
| Which structure codes for the amino acid sequence? the large ribosomal subunit the tRNA the small ribosomal subunit the rRNA the mRNA | tRNA |
| How many stop codons are there in the genetic code? You Answered two one four three five | Three |
| Which of the following is not involved in gene cloning? "sticky" ends host cell CRISPR vector restriction enzyme | CRISPR |
| When was the Human Genome Project completed? 2010 2003 2001 2005 1999 | 2003 |
| The hypothesis that life began with the evolution of inorganic compounds into simple organic molecules, macromolecules, and protocells is called what? cell theory organic chemistry chemical evolution Darwinian evolution speciation | Chemical evolution |
| What of the following is necessary for the replication process to occur in a cell? starches viruses carbohydrates enzymatic proteins lipids | enzymatic proteins |
| What was the first stage of chemical evolution? Organic molecules joined to form larger macromolecules. Protocells evolve the ability to self-replicate. Small organic molecules evolved from inorganic compounds. A membrane encolosed organic | small organic molecules evolved from inorganic molecules |
| Biological evolution is the process whereby prokaryotic cells became eukaryotic cells. only the strongest survive. species change through time. humans descended from apes. You Answered living cells arose from nonliving chemicals. | species change through time |
| What is a characteristic that makes an organism able to survive and reproduce in its environment? adaptation homology culture analogy selection | adaptation |
| What is considered one of the best sources of evidence for biological evolution? the presence of analogous structures fossil record the biblical creation story evidence for an intelligent designer | fossil record |
| What is the term for someone who searches for and researches fossils? geologist ecologist entomologist paleontologist physicist | paleontologist |
| The fact that marsupials are not as diverse in South America as they are in Australia would be classified as what type of evidence for evolution? biogeographical anatomical biochemical fossil record molecular evidence | biogeographical |
| Identify the example of homologous structures. the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat the tail of a fish and the tail of a lizard the flipper of a whale and the wing of a bird the tailbone of humans | the flipper of a whale and the wing of a bird |
| Which feature is found in most primates but is not present in humans? larger, complex brain opposable thumb forward facing eyes opposable big toe | opposable big toe |
| What two characteristics define a biome? temperature and the types of plants found there altitude and temperature temperature and rainfall latitude and rainfall amount of precipitation and the types of plants found there | temperature and rainfall |
| What is the name of the frigid ecosystem bordering the North Pole? temperate forests tundra coniferous forests taiga prairies | tundra |
| Which of the following is not a biotic component of an ecosystem? temperature amount of rainfall amount of sunlight soil type decomposers | decomposers |
| What role do decomposers play in a terrestrial ecosystem? They will control the population level of herbivores. They provide energy at the base of the food chain. They recycle nutrients in an ecosystem. They will control the population size | they recycle nutrients in an ecosystem |
| What term best describes the niche of an oak tree? detritivore producer herbivore carnivore | producer |
| What organism would be at the second level in a detrital food web? shrews earthworms leaves detritus birds | earthworms |
| Which ecological niche is found at the second trophic level of a terrestrial ecosystem? detritivores carnivores herbivores producers | herbivores |
| Which is an exchange pool for the carbon cycle? carbon dioxide in the atmosphere limestone fossil fuels soil the ocean | carbon dioxide in the atmosphere |
| What is the world's current population? almost 1 billion people almost 3 billion people almost 5 billion people over 10 billion over 7 billion people | over 7 billion |
| What is the definition of biotic potential? the death rate, or mortality the birthrate, or natality maximum population the environment can sustain a relatively slow (lag) population growth maximum growth rate under ideal conditions | maximum growth rate under ideal conditions |
| What is the term for the maximum number of individuals that an area can sustain? producer base exponential load biotic potential carrying capacity | carrying capacity |
| How is the growth rate of a population determined? birthrate minus death rate birthrate times death rate birthrate divided by death rate birthrate death rate | birthrate minus death rate |
| If the birthrate is 22 per 1000 per year and the death rate is 8 per 1000 per year, what is the population growth rate? 2.2% 22% 14% 0.8% 1.4% | 1.4% |
| What can we expect if a population is experiencing a birth rate of 12.1 per 1000 and a deathrate of 8.1 per 1000? The population will begin to decrease in the near future. The population will exponentially increase in the immediate future. The | the population will slowly increase in the near future |
| In order to have a negative population growth rate only replacement reproduction can occur. the death rate must exceed the birthrate. the carrying capacity for the population must increase. the birthrate must exceed the death rate. the | the death rate must exceed the birth rate |
| During which time period in history did more-developed countries experience a doubling of their population? 1950 - 1990 1850 - 1950 1780 - 1840 1910 - 1960 | 1850-1950 |
| The population growth in less-developed countries is modestly increasing. stable. negative. dramatically increasing. leveling off. | dramatically increasing |
| What happened to the death rate in LDCs following World War II? Why? It increased due to the loss of infrastructure following the war. It decreased because of the introduction of modern medicine. It stabilized due to fewer people dying in war. | It decreased because of the introduction of modern medicine. |
| Why are many LDCs experiencing population growth? They are modernizing and increasing the standard of living for everyone in their country. They have easy access to advanced medical care, which is dramatically reducing their death rates. Ther | They have more women in their reproductive years than older women who cannot reproduce. |
| The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like a(n) cube inverted pyramid. rectangle. oval. pyramid. | rectangle |
| If there are more women in the postreproductive years than in the reproductive years, and more women in the reproductive years than in the prereproductive years, what does the age structure diagram look like? an oval a inverted pyramid a cube | an inverted pyramid |
| What would happen if a population were to move to replacement reproduction? The population will rapidly crash. The population will continue to grow for several generations. The population will see exponential growth before a crash. The popu | The population will continue to grow for several generations. |
| Which of the following is a renewable resource? solar energy minerals oil fossil fuels land | solar energy |
| Define an ecological footprint. the total amount of resources used by an individual to meet their needs the amount of energy a person needs to meet their needs the amount of food a person needs to eat the amount of water a person needs to | the total amount of resources used by an individual to meet their needs |
| Which of the following reduces your ecological footprint? water the lawn regularly during summer live in a larger home eat more beef drive a hybrid vehicle increase travel by airplane | drive a hybrid vehicle |
| Sea levels rising due to climate change are threatening the safety of billions of people. How many people live within 100 km (60 miles) of a coastline? 480 million 4.4 billion 120 million 3.12 billion | 3.12 billion |
| How much of Earth's land mass is already desert? 65% 40% 10% 50% 1% | 40% |
| Which statement about the soil in the tropics is correct? The soil in the tropics is sandy and nutrient-poor. The soil in the tropic is loamy and ideal for growing crops. The soil in the tropics is rich and full of nutrients. The soil in th | The soil in the tropics is thin and nutrient-poor. |
| Which of the following is considered a basic human right? access to coastal areas to enable individuals to fish for their own food access to enough nutrient rich land to grow food on access to clean drinking water the opportunity purchase a | access to clean drinking water |
| Most of the fresh water in the world is used for irrigation. watering lawns. industrial needs. bathing. drinking. | irrigation |
| Which statement is the most accurate about the needs of the human popluation in regards to water? Globally there is enough water to meet the needs of the human population but it is not evenly distributed. Water is not renewable, so our supply is | Globally there is enough water to meet the needs of the human population but it is not evenly distributed. |
| Which of the following is considered a benefit of a dam? altering river flow sediment buildup seepage into underlying rock beds electricity generation loss of water by evaporation | electricity generation |
| Which farming practice has the greatest negative impact upon the environment? straight line farming biological pest control contour farming polyculture | straight line farming |
| How many more people could be fed on one pound of grain than one pound of meat? 3 times 20 times 10 times 2 times 5 times | 10 times |
| Identify which of the following actions will have a beneficial impact upon the environment. !reducing your weekly meat consumption to three meals per week commuting forty miles to work every day moving into a large house watering your lawn ev | reducing your weekly meat consumption to three meals per week |
| Why should pregnant women and small children avoid certain fish? herbicide contamination PCB contamination mercury contamination pesticide contamination lead contamination | mercury contamination |
| Which of the following species is overexploited? cacti grasshoppers hawks deer | cacti |
| Which of the following is an invasive species that has invaded the United States? buffalo bass Japanese honeysuckle oak trees wolves | Japanese honeysuckle |
| What is the key to maintaining fish as a renewable resource? eliminate their predators harvest fewer than what will be produced in the next generation only harvest them during the breeding season only harvest the juveniles | harvest fewer than what will be produced in the next generation |
| Which of the following is an indirect, as opposed to a direct, value of biodiversity? food medical use consumptive use agricultural use ecotourism | ecotourism |
| Why should the wild relative of our modern corn be preserved? The wild relative has a higher yield. The wild relative is used as a food source for livestock. We need the wild relative for cross pollination of the corn in our fields today. Th | The wild relative may contain genetics that could convey resistance to new diseases. |
| How long does it take for a plastic grocery bag to degrade? 1 year 1–2 months more than 50 years 10–20 years 1–2 weeks | 10-20 years |
| Which of the following is an urban, not a rural, sustainability plan? use low-flow or trickle irrigation use green roofs plant cover crops use integrated pest management plant multipurpose trees | use green roofs |
| Which criterion to measure the quality of life would apply when placing hundreds of acres of forest into protected status? use value cultural value option value aesthetic value | option value |
| What is the world's current population? almost 1 billion people almost 3 billion people over 10 billion over 7 billion people almost 5 billion people | over 7 billion |
| What does the U.S. population growth look like? decreasing a rectangular column an upside-down pyramid increasing leveling off | increasing |
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LadyCRO