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Vocab: U9
Vocabulary for Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| kinetic theory | physical theory that explains the behavior of gases. Any gas is composed of a large number of molecules that are very far apart compared to their sizes, and that exert no forces on one another making these collisions perfectly elastic. |
| ideal gas | A gas that, when kept at a constant temperature, would obey the gas laws exactly. No known gas is an ideal gas |
| pressure | Force applied uniformly over a surface, measured as force per unit of area. |
| atmosphere | A unit of pressure equal to the air pressure at sea level. It equals the amount of pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 millimeters high at 0 degrees Celsius under standard gravity. |
| kilopascal | - One thousand (10^3) pascals; the metric unit of pressure; one pound per square inch is equal to 6.89 kilopascals; abbreviated kPa. |
| mm Hg | A unit of pressure that is equal to approximately 1.316 × 10^ -3 atmospheres or 133.3 pascals. |
| atmospheric pressure | Pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. At sea level it has a mean value of one atmosphere but reduces with increasing altitude. |
| standard temperature | A temperature of 0°C or 273 Kelvin. |
| standard pressure | A pressure of 1 atmosphere (101,325 newtons per square meter), to which measurements of quantities dependent on pressure, such as the volume of a gas, are often referred. |
| STP | standard temperature and pressure |
| barometer | An absolute pressure gage specifically designed to measure atmospheric pressure. This instrument is a type of manometer with one leg at zero pressure absolute. |
| manometer | A double-leg liquid-column gage used to measure the difference between two fluid pressures. |
| Boyle's Law | The principle that at a constant temperature the volume of a confined ideal gas varies inversely with its pressure. |
| Charles' Law | The physical law that the volume of a fixed mass of gas held at a constant pressure varies directly with the absolute temperature. |
| Combined Gas Law | A gas law which combines Charles' law, Boyle's law, and Gay Lussac's law. |
| Avogadro's Law | The principle that equal volumes of all gases under identical conditions of pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules. |
| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure | The law that the pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases composing it. |
| Ideal Gas Law | The equation of state of an ideal gas which is an approximation to real gases at sufficiently high temperatures and low pressures. PV = nRT. P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, T is the temperature, and R is the gas constant |
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