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GlobalRegents-Goshen
Global Regents Terms
| Absolute Monarchs | -a system of government where the ultimate authority to run the state is in the hands of a king/queen, power given by God |
| Divine Right | -Power granted to king/queen by god |
| Examples of Absolute Monarchs | -Louis XIV (FRANCE), Peter the Great (RUSSIA), Louis XVI (FRANCE), Henry VIII (ENGLAND) |
| Enlightenment | -European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th which inspired new ways of thinking - People challenged gov'ts/monarchies and Catholic Church |
| Effects of Enlightenment | - lower classes fought for more rights, tyrannical governments overthrown, power of church challenged |
| Enlightenment Thinkers | -John Locke: Life, Liberty, Land, consent of the governed -Baron de Montesquieu: separation of powers (3 branches of gov) -Voltaire: freedom of speech/individual rights - Mary Wollstonecraft: Women's Rights/Education |
| French Revolution | - when the third estate in France overthrew the monarchy -beheaded absolute monarch Louis XVI |
| Reign of Terror | -period of violence during French Revolution when those suspected to be against the revolution were executed - Led by Maximilien Robespierre |
| Effects of French Revolution | -Napoleon rises to power and invades most of Europe -monarchy was overthrown -nationalism spreads around Europe and the Americas |
| Reign of Napoleon Significance | - establishment of Napoleonic code, decreased rights for women, invasion of most of Europe, continued centralization of gov't |
| Nationalism | - emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation |
| Facets of nationalism | -Common culture, geography, history |
| Effects of nationalism | - Brings countries together- Italy, Germany -Breaks countries/empires apart- Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire - Overthrow foreign dictators/leaders in one's nation |
| Industrial Revolution | - the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines |
| Communism | -a political theory developed by Karl Marx government ownership of business/industry - even distribution of wealth - elimination of social classes |
| Capitalism | -an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit -idea developed by Adam Smith in Wealth of Nations book |
| Effects of Industrial Revolution | - Urbanization, poor working/living conditions, technological advancements, depletion of natural resources, rise of labor unions |
| Imperialism | -Building of an EMPIRE by a stronger, more powerful country by taking over a weaker area or region - Mostly done by European nations and US eventually |
| Motivations for imperialism | - wealth & natural resources - spread religion(christianity) - build powerful empire |
| Regions that were heavily imperialized | -Asia -Africa |
| Effects of imperialism | - cultural suppression - political domination - exploitation of resources and workers |
| Causes of World War 1 | M: Militarism A: Alliance System N: Nationalism I: Imperialism A: Assassination |
| Effects of World War 1 | -Treaty of Versailles decimates Germany - death of millions - new countries/borders - dissolve of Ottoman Empire |
| World War 1 Events/Topics | -Zimmerman Telegram- officially gets US to join war - Trench Warfare: led to stalemate, both sides feared leaving trench -New Technology: mustard/chlorine gas, tanks, planes, machine guns, submarines |
| Causes of Russian Revolution | - governmental corruption, policies of Tsar Nicholas II, Russian losses in World War I, poor peasant class wanting rights/land |
| Red and White Armies of Russian Revolution | -Reds (Bolsheviks)- supporters of lenin and communism - Whites- monarchists, supporters of the czar, those against communism |
| Effects of Russian Revolution | -rise of communism as an influential political belief system around the world - establishment of communist regime under Joseph Stalin |
| Joseph Stalin Ideas/Policies | -Russification: adhere to russian ideals only -Censorship: limit spread of information - Gulags: work camps where many prisoners went - 5 Year Plan: Worked to industrialize S.U. - Millions die from execution, starvation, and poor working conditions |
| Hitler Ideas/Policies | - promised to rebuild germany after Treaty of Versailles devastation: decrease inflation, increase nationalism, help economy - anti semitic policies/events: Holocaust/Concentration Camps, Nuremberg Laws - Hitler's Youth: Indoctrination into Nazi beliefs |
| Mussolini Ideas/Policies | - led black shirts (his army) through Rome - Established Fascism in Italy - allied with Hitler during WW2 |
| Fascism | -authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader - elimination of political opponents |
| Causes of World War 2 | - aggression of Hitler/Nazi party: taking land in Europe - appeasement of Hitler's demands by GB and France - Japanese aggression invading China |
| World War 2 Events | Pearl Harbor: Japanese bombing of US naval base, D-Day: allied invasion to take back France from Nazis, Stalingrad: German invasion of Soviet Union, Atom bombs in Japan, Yalta Conference: GB, US, and Soviets met to split up Germany at end of War |
| Cold War | political, economic, and military tensions over course of 20th century between US and Soviet Union |
| Nato and Warsaw Pact | - Nato: US and allies, democracy/capitalism - Warsaw Pact: Soviet Union & satellite nations, communism |
| United Nations | - Formed after World War 2 to mediate international conflicts |
| Cold War Events/Terms | - Berlin Blockade: Stalin blocks aid/supplies in West Berlin, Berlin Wall: Kruschev builds wall to stop people from moving to West Berlin, Arms Race: nuclear powers built up, Space Race: competition to get to space, Cuban Missile Crisis: near nuclear war |
| Effects of Cold War | - Germany reunified under its own gov't - dissolvement of Soviet Union -nationalist/independence movements in Eastern Europe conflicts over power/borders between ethnic groups |
| European Union | -political & economic unity among accepted European nations formed after Cold War |
| Decolonization | - to relinquish control of a subjugated people or region |
| Turkey | - Was formerly part of Ottoman Empire -Became westernized and secular under Kemal Atatürk - introduced elements of democracy and capitalism |
| Iran | -Westernized under Reza Shah -Established Islamic Regime under Ayatollah Khomeini (Iranian Revolution -Iranian Hostage Crisis: Iranian students seized the embassy and detained more than 50 Americans for over a year |
| Secularism | -a government system without religious influence |
| Theocracy | -a government system with religious influence -EX: Iran |
| Balfour Declaration | -British government endorsed the establishment of "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. |
| Zionism | -a movement for the establishment and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel |
| Causes of Israeli/Palestinian Conflict | -tensions between Zionism and Palestinian nationalism: desire for land and control of same region |
| Arab Spring | - a time when many people in Arab countries protested against their governments: fighting for democracy and more rights - Starts in Tunisia and spreads through Middle East - Spreads through social media |
| Islamic Extremist Groups in Middle East | - ISIS, al Qaeda,Taliban: suppress the right of many (especially women), assume control of governments, execute opposition |
| Glasnost and Perestroika | - Glasnost: significant increase in individual freedom of expression in political and social aspects of life in the Soviet Union - Perestroika was the policy of "restructuring" and reforming the economic system of the Soviet Union, capitalist elements |
| World Bank Purpose | - to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their people |
| Overpopulation | -a concern that human populations may become too large to be sustained by their environment or resources in the long term |
| Deforestation | -the purposeful clearing of forested land- displaces native tribes, animals/plants, releases CO2 into air |
| Climate Change | - As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and climate change |
| Chinese Resistance to Foreign Powers/Imperialism | -Boxer Rebellion, May 4th Movement, Opium Wars |
| Spheres of Influence | - Great Britain, France, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Germany, Italy, Russia, the US, and Japan each had exclusive special trading rights in China - Wanted Chinese goods!!! |
| Chinese Civil War | -War between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong for power in China - nationalism v. communism: COMMUNISM WINS |
| Mao's Policies | -Great Leap Forward: Wanted to increase farm & industrial output, put people onto collective farms, HUGE failure- millions die - Cultural Revolution: get rid of anything not communist (people, ideas, books, etc.) |
| Deng Xiaoping leadership in China | -introduced capitalist elements- more economic freedom -strict political control: authoritarian -modernized country |
| Tiananmen Square Massacre | - Tens of thousands gathered to protest for political freedom- gov't massacred and jailed many |
| Korean and Vietnam Wars | -Proxy wars of Cold War:US and Soviets tried spreading their influence/ideologies to these regions |
| Pol Pot & Cambodia | -Leader of Cambodia -Political party is called the Khmer Rouge - communist - Millions die & forced onto communes |
| Cambodian genocide | -systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge- 1.5 to 2 million dead |
| Indian Nationalist Leader | - Mohandas Gandhi |
| Events which led to Indian Independence | -Salt March: was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India, led by Gandhi to protest British salt monopoly - Amritsar Massacre: 1500 Indians picnicking & discussing law/politics- shot by British employed soldiers |
| Partition of India | - Pakistan and India split into two countries based on religious affiliation: - India- Mostly Hindu, Pakistan-mostly Muslim |
| Effects of Partition of India | -millions relocate based on religious affiliation- violence break out and many die -long lasting rivalry/tension between nations still exist - Both have nukes |
| Non-alignment | - states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc during Cold War (India did not choose sides) |
| Civil Disobedience | - Break unfair laws w/out using violence |
| Positive effects of European imperialism in Africa | -built roads, railroads, cities, schools -provided advanced medicine |
| Negative effects of European imperialism in Africa | -exploitation of natural resources - enslavement of African locals - suppression of African cultures - increased ethnic tension |
| African Nationalist Leaders | - Nelson Mandela- South Africa - Kwame Nkrumah- Ghana - Jomo Kenyatta- Kenya |
| Role of Nationalist Leaders | - Led their nations to independence from colonial powers |
| Effects of decolonization in Africa | -many countries gain independence -ethnic cleansing and violence happened because of fight for power and control -economic struggles- had to build infrastructure & stabilize regions |
| Apartheid | - a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa |
| F.W. de Klerk | - ended system of Apartheid in South Africa as president in 1989 |
| Genocides during the 20th Century | - Holocaust- Nazi elimination of jews and other groups - Armenian- systematic elimination of the Armenian people by the Turkish people in the Ottoman Empire during WW1 |
| Genocides during the 20th Century Cont. | - Cambodian- killing of Cambodian citizens by communist gov't - Rwandan- members of the Hutu ethnic majority who massacred around 1 million tutsi (ethnic group) in Rwanda |
| Totalitarianism | -a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state. |
| Enduring Issues | -a challenge or problem that has been debated or discussed across time - Examples: Conflict, Inequality, Environmental Impact, Human Rights Violations, Desire for Power, Scarcity, etc. |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | -Under this gov't, Japan sought almost complete isolation from the rest of the world - cut off Western power and influence |
| Meiji Restoration | the modernization and Westernization of Japan happened during this period - took place after Tokugawa Shogunate rule |
| Impact of Islamic law on Iranian Women | Decreased political and social equality, seen as lesser than men |
Created by:
mdav1022