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history exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which action best represents the policy of appeasement followed by Britain and France prior to the start of World War II? (Allowing Hitler to….) | annex Sudetenland |
| How did World War I contribute to the events leading up to World War II? (Hint:Germany) | DIslike Treaty Versailles |
| What was the main reason for Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War? (Test?) | Test Weapons |
| How did the Munich Pact affect Europe? (It encouraged…. | Hitler aggression increased |
| Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland? (What plan failed….) | Appeasement had failed |
| Who were the AXIS Powers? | Japan, Germany, Italy |
| Why did Japan attack the United States? | To keep the U.S from interfering with Japanese expansion |
| What was an immediate effect of the Lend-Lease Act? (What Allies got supplied?) | Soviet Union and British received aid |
| British resistance to Germany avoided what German operation? | Operation Sea Lion |
| Why did France surrender to Germany? | Overwhelmed by German & Italian forces |
| Germany's rapid success in the first months of the war was largely due to what tactic? | Blitzkrieg |
| Which of the following factors helped the Allies win World War II? | controlling wartime production goals at home |
| What was the main goal of the D-Day invasion? | to force Germany to fight on two fronts |
| Why were aircraft carriers important to winning the war in the Pacific? | They had the ability to launch aircraft from their decks. |
| How did the battles of Midway and the Coral Sea differ from earlier naval battles? | They did not involve direct confrontations between enemy ships. |
| Why was the Battle of the Bulge significant? | It was the last time Nazi forces went on the offensive. |
| Why was Stalingrad so important to Hitler? | Hitler hated Stalin and wanted to obliterate it, oil, and help war |
| How did the new technology of splitting the atom end World War II? | U.S. used bomb to defeat Japan |
| The United Nations was formed primarily to prevent | _____FUTURE WARS_____ |
| What was the purpose of the war crimes trials? Punish whom? ___ | __AXIS LEADERS________ |
| The final defeat of the Nazis was due to who closed in around? | Soviets and U.S. surrounded Berlin |
| The United States declared war on Japan in 1941. Why did it take until 1945 to defeat Japan? | Allies focused first on Europe |
| The strong and vibrant leader of the Bolshevik Revolution | Lenin |
| Who was the last Czar of Russia? | Nicholas II |
| What was the tragic event that occurred in January of 1905 when guards at the Czar's palace shot & killed peaceful protesters? | Bloody Sunday |
| Which factor was a cause of BOTH revolutions in Russia in 1917? | WWI |
| What was the result of the Allies' intervention in Russia's civil war? | Nationalism feelings drive out foreigners |
| How did Rasputin contribute to the outbreak of the February revolution in Russia? (who did he influence?) | Czars Wife or Czarina |
| In contrast to Lenin's "war communism," his New Economic Policy of 1921 | Allowed business’ to be private |
| What was Russia's name changed to after the Russian Revolution? | Soviet Union or United Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Which type of military technology played the largest role in creating the long stalemate on the Western Front? | (Machine gun |
| Germany's military strategy (PLAN) to begin World War I was? | Fight France first then Russia |
| The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand would go under what cause of World War I? (M.A.I.N.) | (Nationalism) |
| Germany was forced to assume what economic/financial burden after losing WWI? | Paying all the reparations |
| What country benefited most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk when Russia left WWI? | Germany |
| The chief goal of the League of Nations was to…. | Secure peace prevent future wars |
| Who assumed roles in the factories in World War I to make it a total war? | Women |
| What impact did rapid-fire machine guns have on the course of the war? | High casualties; Stalemate |
| How did the Allies fight against German vessels the U-BOATS? (Water strategy) | Convoys |
| What was the impact of the Ottoman empire joining the Central Powers that worked against the ALLIES? | Cut off supply line to RUssia |
| The Armenians fled from what Empire? | Ottoman EMpire |
| What is one way in which militarism influenced the nations of Europe prior to World War I? | Arms race in Europe |
| What are the 4 long term causes of the First World War? | Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism |
| Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front because? | Advanced weapons |
| What is one way the Eastern Front was different from the Western Front? | Higher casualties bigger movement on front |
| What role did women play in the war effort during World War I? | Worked in factories and nurses |
| Which of the following was NOT a weapon FIRST used in World War I? (pistol or plane) | Pistol |
| Why was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand important? (who declared war on who?) | Spark and Ottoman Empire declared on Serbia then Russia joined then….. |
| A main economic cause of the new imperialism of the 19th century was | New markets and more resources |
| What military advantages helped Western nations dominate much of the world in the late 1800s? | Maxim gun |
| How did Westerners justify their right to rule over other people? | Superior culture |
| How did Western imperialism affect the culture of the colonies? (adopt what?) | Colonized people were encouraged to adopt Christianity and European culture |
| Under which type of imperial rule would Westerners run the government within the colony? | Direct rule |
| Policy of one country's political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories. (being aggressive) | Imperialism |
| Many Western leaders felt they needed colonies and a global empire to protect their own | ______self-interest_________ and national _____security________. |
| The British governed their colonies by. | (indirect rule |
| Which of the following was NOT an economic effect from Imperialism : | given good paying jobs at home |
| The industrial revolution was a driving force behind imperialism? | True |
| Why did European contact with Africa increase in the 1800s? | Steam ships and medicine advances |
| How did European nations come to rule most of Africa, despite the presence of strong African kingdoms? | Superior weapons |
| Why did European leaders hold the Berlin Conference? | To take African lands without WAR without Africa there |
| What did Africans do to resist European rule in the late 1800s? | Armed resistance and national movements |
| What was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa? | Educate Africans and weaken their culture |
| How did the United States approach Japan to begin trade? | Letter from U.S. president for open trade or be attacked |
| How did the Meiji Transformation affect the social system in Japan? | Modernize like Western Powers |
| What made it possible for Japan to be successful at dominating Korea? | Modern army and navy |
| The Meiji Restoration in Japan was prompted in part by? WHY? | Fear of being controlled by Western Powers |
| How did the Meiji Transformation affect the social system in Japan? | Legal distinctions between classes were ended. |
| Who set up the "Meiji Restoration" Emperor | : Meiji |
| A conflict between Russia and Japan over control of Korea and Manchuria was called the: | The_____Russo______- ______Japanese_____ WAR |
| What was Bismarck's message in his "blood and iron" speech? | Build up the army |
| What was Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's main goal? | Build up power in PRUSSIA |
| What did the Zollverein economic union do for Prussia? | Got rid of tariffs free trade German states |
| One purpose of the German Social Democratic Party was to | Improve working conditions |
| How did Germany increase its power in the late 1800s? | Became an industrial giant |
| Who was the Prussian Prime Minister (Chancellor) who united germany | Otto von Bismarck |
| What did Otto von Bismark's policy of "realpolitik" state? | Justifies all means to obtain and hold power |
| William II asked Bismarck to resign power because he wanted what for himself | power |
| William I of Prussia took the title of _ _____ or emperor of the German Second Reich. | ___kaiser__ |
| How did the enclosure movement contribute to the Industrial Revolution? | Increase urban workforce (cities) |
| What is the main reason the "putting-out" system gave way to the factory system in the British textile industry? | The factory system allowed more cloth to be produced at a lower cost. |
| The invention of the internal combustion engine was an essential step that eventually led to | Automobile and airplane |
| What effect did the assembly line have on the cost of goods? | Lowered prices |
| What was a major reason for the population explosion in Europe between 1800 and 1900? | Better medicine and better public sanitation |
| What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution? (Improved standard of….) | Improved the standard of living |
| Industrialization spread because other countries wanted to be like what industrialized country? | Great Britain |
| Watt's steam engine helped with….(communication, transportation, or agriculture) | Transportation |
| The construction of city sewer systems helped lower what rate? | Lowered the death rate |
| Little government involvement & prices regulated by the laws of supply and demand was described by what person? | Adam Smith |
| "The very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm." What should hospital people do to clean themselves before a surgery? | Wash hands |
| Michael Faraday is known for creating what? | Electric dynamo |
| Who invented dynamite? | Alfred Nobel |
| Many places were able to industrialize because they had access to what? | Resources |
| Two major effects of new technology on business during the industrial revoulution | Production became ___faster_____ and goods became______cheaper____ |
| Thomas Edison invented the_ | ____lightbulb_______. |
| Allies of WWI (Triple Entente) | France, Great Britain, Russia (U.S. later) |
| Socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. |
| Conscription | A military draft |
| Convoy | group of merchant ships protected by warships |
| mobilize | Prepare military forces for war |
| Militarism | glorification of the military |
| Total War | A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort |
| Nuetraility | not taking sides |
| Entrepreneur | A person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business |
| James Watt | Invented the steam engine |
| Tenement | multistory building divided into crowded apartments |
| Communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |
| urban renewal | rebuilding of the poor areas of a city |
| Stocks | shares of ownership in a company |
| labor union | An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members |
| Louis Pasteur | A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk |
| Marconi, Guglielmo | Inventor of the radio |
| Luftwaffe | German Air Force |
| Dunkirk | port in France from which 300,000 Allied troops were evacuated when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940 |
| Yalta Conference | 1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war |
| Blitzkrieg (lightning war) | a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact | agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe |
| Appeasement | Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict |
| Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. |
| aircraft carrier | ships that accommodate the taking off and landing of airplanes, and transport aircraft |
| Island Hopping | A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others |
| Bataan Death March | American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route. |
| Manhattan Project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II |
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