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Exam Questions
BIOL 141 Exam 1 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If you disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein, what level of structure will be preserved? | Primary Structure |
| What is the major structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen? | The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule |
| If you were going to develop a new antibiotic against bacteria you would probably need to become an expert on which of these carbohydrates? | Peptidogylcan |
| Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 100 amino acids ___. | always alter the primary structure of the protein , sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity |
| What is a characteristic of malignant tumors but not benign tumors? | The ability to invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body |
| Which two functional groups are always found in the amino acids? | Carboxyl and amino groups |
| What is most likely pathway take by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? | ER -> Golgi Apparatus -> Vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane |
| All cell beings G1 Phase with 12 un-replicated chromosomes. This cell undergoes S, G2, and M phases. How many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain? | 12 or 24 daughter cells |
| You have two beakers. One contains pure water and the other contains pure vegetable oil (a lipid). You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen? | NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in oil. |
| Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? | Rough ER |
| What are prions? | Misfolded versions of normal protein that can cause disease |
| Regulatory proteins that prevent a cell from entering the S phase under conditions of DNA damage are also known as _____ | Tumor Suppressors |
| Bacteria, Insects, and Plants use carbohydrates to build structures. Which of the following is TRUE structural carbohydrates? | Structural Carbohydrates are long fibers, which are chemically linked into a network. |
| Spinach leaves that are immersed in freshwater for several hours become stiff. Spinach leaves left in a 0.2 M salt solution become limp. From this, we can deduce that the freshwater environment____ | is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the spinach |
| The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle of animal cells would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B? | Cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis |
| How do the å and b forms of glucose differ? | Their ring structures differ in the spatial arrangement of a hydroxyl group |
| The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid threonine is -CH2-CH3-OH. The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid valine is -CH-(CH3)2. If these amino acids were found in a globular protein in an aqueous environment, where are the aminoacids | Valine would be in the inferior facing away from water, and threonine would be on the exterior of the globular protein interacting with water |
| In a plant cell, DNA may be found_____ | in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
| The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ______ | the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus |
| Which of the following linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin? | a-1, 6-glycosidic linkage |
| The p53 protein is responsible for all of the following expect one. Which of the following is NOT a function of the p53 protein | in the event of DNA damage, p53 slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase |
| Lipids that contain a high number of double bonds in their fatty acids chain will | likely be liquid at room temperature |
| What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar? | The position of the carbonyl group |
| Which of the following accurately describes a reason why fats store more energy than carbohydrates? | fatty acids chains have a higher ratio of bonds with high potential energy to bonds with low potential energy |
| The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved __ | endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell- evolved into mitochondria |
| How is plant cell cytokinesis different from animal cell cytokinesis? | Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell-wall building blocks on the metaphase plate ; animal cells form a cleavage furrow. |
| An organism lives in an extremely cold environments. Which of the following you predict to be TRUE about the phospholipids in its membrane | The membrane phospholipids of cold-adapted organisms will have more unsaturated hydrocarbons tails. |
| Suppose you discovered a new amino acids. Its R-group contains only hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. Predict the behavior of this amino acid. | It will be hydrophilic |
| The inhalation of asbestos fibers will cause cells to phagocytize asbestos but aren't able to degrade it in the "recycling centers: What will the asbestos accumulate in ? | Lyosomes |
| What does NOT occur during mitosis? | Replication of the DNA |
| What crosses amphipathic lipid bilayers the fastest? | A small, non-polar molecule like Oxygen (O2) |
| OH-H chemical reaction will result in what | results in a peptide bond |
| Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that | organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth |
| What is the M Phase? | Step 4: The cell splits its DNA and organelles into two identical daughter cells |
| What is the Cytokinesis Phase? | Step 5: The cell will completely divides into two daughter cells. |
| What is the G1 Phase? | Step 1: The cell grows and makes a new set of organelles and proteins for the daughter cells |
| What is the Synthesis Phase? | Step 2: Cellular DNA is replicated and the two daughter cells each get one set of DNA |
| What is the G2 Phase? | Cell growth continues and there is synthesis of special proteins in preparation for mitosis |
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cmaxg
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