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Physics
Atoms and Radiation (Section 7)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ________ but different number of __________ | protons, neutrons |
| How do some electrons jump to a higher shell? | By absorbing electromagnetic radiation |
| What do we call an electron that has jumped to a higher energy shell? | Excited |
| What 2 things can happen when an electron becomes excited? | 1. It falls back to a lower energy level, emitting electromagnetic radiation in the process 2. It absorbs enough energy to leave the atom all together in what is known as ionisation |
| What factors affect when a nuclei is going to decay? | None, it decays spontaneously at a random time |
| What are the 4 types of radiation? | 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma 4. Neutrons |
| What are the 3 types of IONISING radiation? | 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma |
| Alpha particles are just the nuclei of what element? | Helium |
| What are alpha particles made up of? | 2 protons and 2 netrons |
| Alpha particles are big/small, heavy/light, fast/slow moving | big, heavy, slow |
| Why are alpha particles strongly ionising? | They are very large, meaning they bash into a lot of atoms and knock electrons off them |
| What charge do alpha particles have? | 2+ |
| Why are alpha particles deflected by electric and magnetic fields? | Because they are electrically charged (positive) |
| Emitting an alpha particle decreases the atomic number by ___ and the mass number by ____ | 2, 4 |
| Describe how a beta particle is emitted from a nucleus | The electron is emitted when a neutron turns into a proton and and an electron |
| What happens to the mass and atomic number of an atom when a beta particle is emmited? | Atomic number increases by 1, mass number stays the same |
| How big are beta particles? | Quite small |
| How fast are beta particles? | Quite fast |
| How far do alpha particles penetrate into materials? | Not far, they are stopped quickly |
| How far do beta particles penetrate into materials? | Moderately far |
| Why are beta particles deflected by electric and magnetic fields? | Because they're negatively charged |
| What are gamma rays? | Very short wavelength EM waves |
| What is the mass of gamma rays? | No mass |
| How far can gamma rays penetrate into materials? | Very far |
| How ionising are alpha particles? | Strongly ionising |
| How ionising are beta particles? | Moderately ionising |
| How ionising are gamma rays? | Weakly ionising |
| Why are gamma rays weakly ionising? | They tend to pass through rather than collide with atoms |
| What charge do gamma rays have? | No charge |
| What must first happen for gamma emission to occur? | There must first be alpha or beta decay, gamma rays are never emitted alone |
| What does a nucleus with excess energy do? | Emits gamma rays to lose energy |
| What are alpha particles blocked by? | Paper, skin, or a few cm of air |
| What are beta particles blocked by? | Thin metal |
| What are gamma rays blocked by? | Thick lead or very thick concrete |
Created by:
JoeMather
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