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Current Electricity

LC Cert Physics

TermDefinition
Potential Difference This is the work done bringing a charge of + 1 C from one point to another.
The Volt The potential difference between two points is 1 volt if 1 joule of work is done when 1 coulomb is brought from one point to the other.
Work (Charge)(Voltage)
Capacitance Ratio of the charge on a conductor to its potential
The Farad A conductor has a capacitance of 1 farad if placing a charge of 1 C on it raises its potential by 1 volt.
Electric Current Flow of electric charge.
Charge (Current)(time)
Ammeter Instrument used to measure current.
Voltmeter Instrument used to measure voltage.
Ohmmeter Instrument used to measure resistance.
Galvanometer Sensitive ammeter measuring microamps. Also known as a microammeter.
Faradmeter Instrument used to measure capacitance.
EMF Electromotive force is the voltage applied to a circuit.
Resistance Ratio of potential difference to current flowing through a conductor
The Ohm A conductor has a resistance of 1 ohm if the current through it is 1 ampere when the potential difference across it is 1 volt.
Ohm' s Law Potential difference is directly proportional to current flowing through certain conductors at a constant temperature.
Resistivity (resistance)(Area)/ (length)
Joule's Law States that the rate at which heat is produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the square of the current provided. resistance is constant.
Anode Electrode connected to positive terminal.
Cathode Electrode connected to the negative terminal.
Inactive electrodes Electrodes that do not take part in a chemical reaction. e.g. platinum electrodes in electrolysis of water
Active electrodes Electrodes that do take part in the chemical reaction. e.g. copper electrodes in copper sulphate solution
Electrolysis When an electric current passes through a liquid causing a chemical reaction.
Ion An atom or a molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons.
Kilowatt hour The amount of energy used by a 1000 W appliance.
Fuse A piece of wire that melts when a current of a certain size passes through it. It is always connected to the live wire. Used as a safety device to prevent overheating in a circuit and a potential fire.
MCB Minature circuit breaker is a safety device that trips when a current larger than a pre-set value flows through the circuit. Faster than a fuse and can be reset.
RCD Residual current device operates by detecting a difference of current between the live and the neutral wire. This difference is normally 30 mA and causes the RCD to trip preventing electrocution. Can be reset.
Radial Circuit Appliances that take a large current have a separate live and neutral wire coming from the distribution box and has its own fuse. e.g. cooker, electric shower
Ring Circuit Live terminal of the sockets connected together. Each ring circuit has a fuse in its live.
Bonding All metal water pipes, metal taps etc must be connected to the earth. Safety feature to prevent electrocution.
Earthing The process in which the instantaneous discharge of the electrical energy takes place by transferring charges directly to the earth through low resistance wire. i.e. provide a path of least resistance.
Created by: mduffy13
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