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Chapter 13 Med Terms
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hematopoietic stem cell | a stem cell that differentiates into progenitor cells |
| myeloid progenitor cell | produce erythroblasts, megakaryoblasts, myeloblasts, and monoblasts |
| lymphoid progenitor cell | produces lymphoblasts |
| band cells | nucleus is u-shaped |
| segmented granulocytes | has distinct nuclear lobes |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in erythrocytes |
| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells |
| heme | iron-containing pigment |
| bilirubin | yellow-orange pigment released from breakdown of hemoglobin |
| granulocytes | white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil |
| eosinophils | stain red, respond to parasites and allergic reactions |
| basophils | stain blue, contains heparin and histamine, responds to allergens |
| heparin | anticlotting substance |
| histamine | chemical released during allergic response |
| neutrophils | phagocytes that eat bacteria at infection sites, main responder to bacterial infection |
| phagocytosis | ingestion of bacteria |
| colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) | promote growth of granulocytes in bone marrow |
| polymorphonuclear | multilobed nuclei |
| lymphocytes | controls immune response to attack invaders and produce antibodies |
| monocytes | becomes a macrophage to move from blood to dispose of tissue debris and dead/dying cells |
| megakaryocytes | cell that becomes platelets |
| albumin | plasma protein that maintains proper water concentration in blood |
| globulins | plasma proteins, alpha, beta, and gamma forms |
| immunoglobulins | gamma globulins that are antibodies |
| plasmapheresis | the process of separating plasma from blood |
| hemolysis | breakdown of RBCs |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | excessive clotting in blood vessels |
| fibrinogen | plasma protein that converts to fibrin to form a clot |
| serum | plasma after clotting factors are removed |
| erythroblast | immature red blood cell |
| fibrin | protein that forms basis of a clot |
| prothrombin | plasma protein converted to thrombin during clotting |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cell |
| Rh factor | antigen on RBCs |
| thrombin | enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during clotting |
| thrombocyte | platelet |
| hypochromic anemia | decreased concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs |
| anisocytosis | unequal size and increased number of RBCs |
| leukopenia | deficiency of white blood cells |
| poikilocytosis | abnormally shaped RBCs |
| sideropenia | iron deficiency |
| spherocytosis | RBCs are round and easy to burst |
| macrocytes | RBCs larger than normal |
| microcytes | RBCs smaller than normal |
| anemia | deficiency in RBCs or hemoglobin |
| aplastic anemia | no blood cells produced in bone marrow |
| pancytopenia | stem cells don't form blood cells |
| hemolytic anemia | low RBCs due to excessive destruction |
| hereditary spherocytosis | congenital spherocytic anemia, RBCs are round |
| sickle cell anemia | hereditory disorder producing crescent-shaped RBCs and hemolysis |
| thalassemia | inherited disorder of globin causing hypochromia |
| pernicious anemia | lack of mature RBCs due to inablility to absorb vitamin B12 |
| hemochromatosis | excess iron in body |
| polycythemia vera | general increase in RBCs causes blood to thicken |
| hemophilia | exessive bleeding due to hereditory lack of blood clotting factors |
| purapura | muliple small hemorrhages |
| petechiae | small red/purple spots on skin |
| ecchymoses | larger blue/purple brusies |
| thrombocytopenic purapura | small hemorrhages due to platelet deficiency |
| leukemia | increase in malignant leukocytes |
| acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | immature myeloblasts prominent in bone marrow with diminished platelets and RBCs, mainly adults |
| acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) | immature lymphocytes prevalent in bone marrow and lymph nodes, more common in children with sudden onset |
| chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | mature and immature granulocytes in marrow and blood, slow progressive illness in older adults |
| chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) | mature lymphocytes in marrow, blood, spleen, and lymph nodes, slow illness in adults |
| granulocytosis | increase in granulocytes in blood |
| mononucleosis | infectious viral disease with increased mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes |
| Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | transmits mononucleosis |
| multiple myeloma | cancer of the bone marrow |
| autologous bone marrow transplantation | the patient serves as their own donor for stem cells |
| antiglobulin (Coombs) test | test for presence of antibodies that damage RBCs |
| complete blood count (CBC) | counts RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | speed at which RBCs settle out of plasma |
| hematocrit | percentage of RBCs in blood |
| hemoglobin test | amount of hemoglobin in blood sample |
| platelet count | number of platelets per cubic millimeter |
| prothrombin time (PT) | test of blood clotting ability |
| international normalized ratio (INR) | ratio of patient's PT time compared to standard results from around the world |
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | measures other clotting factors |
| red blood cell morphology | microscopic examination of blood smear to determine shape of RBCs |
| white blood cell count (WBC) | count of number of WBCs |
| white blood cell differential count | percentage of different WBCs |
| shift to the left | increase in neutrophils |
| plasma exchange | plasma taken from patient and replacement plasma given |
| apheresis | separating components of blood to remove certain portions |
| autologous transfusion | collection and later reinfusion of patient's own blood |
| packed cells | blood with plasma removed, mainly RBCs to treat severe anemia |
| bone marrow aspiration | removal of bone marrow with suction from a syringe |
| hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | stem cells taken from donor an given to patient |
| bone marrow biopsy | microscopic examination of bone marrow sample removed with a needle |
| graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | cells in donor tissue recognize host tissue as foreign and attack |
| ABMT | autologous bone marrow transplantation |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count |
| G-CSF | granulocyte-colony stimulating factor promotes neutrophil production |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macophage colony-stimulating factor promotes myeloid progenitor cells to turn into granulocytes |
| HCL | hairy cell leukemia |
| hairy cell leukemia | abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in bone marrow |
| ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purapura |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin is average hemoglobin per RBC |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is hemoglobin concentration per RBC |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume is average volume of RBCs |
| myelodysplastic syndrome | preleukemic condition |
| MDS | myelodysplastic syndrome |
| SMAC | sequential multiple analyzer computer that determines substances in serum |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| -blast | immature forms of cells |
| -poietin | formation |
| -phil | attraction to |
| -apheresis | removal |
| -gen | giving rise to |
| -crit | to separate |
| -cytosis | abnormal cell condition (increase in cells) |
| -globulin | protien |
| -lytic | pertaining to destruction |
| -phage | to eat/swallow |
| -philia | attraction for |
| -poiesis | formation |
| phag/o | to eat/swallow |
| bas/o | base, alkaline |
| chrom/o | color |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| eosin/o | red, dawn, rosy |
| granul/o | granules |
| hemoglobin/o | hemoglobin |
| is/o | same, equal |
| leuk/o | white |
| mon/o | one |
| neutr/o | neutral |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| poikil/o | varied, irregular |
| sider/o | iron |
| anis/o | unequal |
Created by:
XiaoYiSheng