this, this one (that, that one)

Tutto / Tutti / Tutte

everything, all - Must agree in number and gender with noun.

WHAT, thing / things, what, (article, object, doings, it's a good thing) WHAT FOR MORE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

some, but must be followed by a singular noun.

indeed, really, absolutely, genuinly, truly

still, yet, again, , (anchor, till, afresh, all over again, anew, once more, come again?)

toward, (about, verse, approximately, cry, line, rhyme, telephone line, ag-, at, towards)

already, (yet, by now, formerly, yes)

often, (frequently, thick, bold, corpulent, fat, regularly, many a time, oftentime, a lot, deep, several times, thickish)

then, well (a space filler when you talk), now, (now and then)

some, any, several, (sometimes, matter, no matter what)

just enough, adequately, sufficiently (quite, rather, fairly, pretty, moderately)

much, very, (extremely, a lot, a lot of, quite, very much, awfully, badly, boiling hot, heavily, heavy, jolly, long, lot, most, nearly, widely, greatly)

also, too, (besides, withal, even if, likewise, so, even)

always, (ever, forever, infallible, infallibly, invariable, invariably, perennially, permanently)

that, what, (than, which, who, whom, what time is it?, tha, worthwhile, thing, whichever) USED A MORE OPEN ENDED QUESTION

No one, nobody (noun) / any (adj)

both mean everywhere, or wherever. they are interchangeable

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small iItalian words

Useful small Italian words (who, what, where, why, how, etc.).

Term	Definition
chi	who, whom, (which, whoever)
che cosa	what, come what may
dove	where
Li	them, there
laggiù	over there
Perché	why/because
come	how, like, (such, as)
questo	this, this one (that, that one)
quello	that, that one, (one, such, )
come	like, how (as)
così	so, like this, like that
Tutto / Tutti / Tutte	everything, all - Must agree in number and gender with noun.
altro	another, other
poi	then
meglio di	better than
peggio di	worse than
cosa (cose pl)	WHAT, thing / things, what, (article, object, doings, it's a good thing) WHAT FOR MORE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
qualche	some, but must be followed by a singular noun.
alcuni	few, some, a few
davvero	indeed, really, absolutely, genuinly, truly
ancora	still, yet, again, , (anchor, till, afresh, all over again, anew, once more, come again?)
verso	toward, (about, verse, approximately, cry, line, rhyme, telephone line, ag-, at, towards)
tempo	time
già	already, (yet, by now, formerly, yes)
spesso	often, (frequently, thick, bold, corpulent, fat, regularly, many a time, oftentime, a lot, deep, several times, thickish)
allora	then, well (a space filler when you talk), now, (now and then)
qualcosa	something, anything, (some)
qualche	some, any, several, (sometimes, matter, no matter what)
qualche cosa	something
basta	enough
abbastanza	just enough, adequately, sufficiently (quite, rather, fairly, pretty, moderately)
di più	more
troppo	too much
tutti	everyone, all
ne.....ne	neither.....nor
molto	much, very, (extremely, a lot, a lot of, quite, very much, awfully, badly, boiling hot, heavily, heavy, jolly, long, lot, most, nearly, widely, greatly)
maggior parte di	most of
il meno	the least
bene	well
buono	good
volete qualunque cosa di più?	do you want anything more?
più	more
anche	also, too, (besides, withal, even if, likewise, so, even)
sempre	always, (ever, forever, infallible, infallibly, invariable, invariably, perennially, permanently)
che	that, what, (than, which, who, whom, what time is it?, tha, worthwhile, thing, whichever) USED A MORE OPEN ENDED QUESTION
nessuno / nessuna	No one, nobody (noun) / any (adj)
nessun	no as in no school today (adj)
niente	nothing (noun)
ciascuno	each, each one
qualunque cosa	whatever, anything
ovunque, dovunque	both mean everywhere, or wherever. they are interchangeable
gira a destra / una gira / girare	turn to the right / a tour, trip / to turn
Mentre	While
più di L'italiano è più difficile del francese. Maria è la più intelligente della classe	più and di are used together to compare nouns, with più meaning "more" and di meaning "than". To express a person or thing's quality at its maximum or minimum level in relation to a group, use il più di for majority and il meno di for minority.
quindi	so, then therefore," "so," or "then."
ciò	that
insomma	in short
Attraverso	Through,across, crosswise
dunque	Therefore, so
ci vogliono	It takes (plural) Ci vogliono 15 minuniti a piedi
ci vuole	It takes (s), ci vuole 1 minuto.
Che cosa sta succedendo?	What is happening (now). Che sta succedendo?
Che cos sta per succedere?	What is happening in the immediate future.
Stare + Gerundio	doing now. eg: sto viaggiando
Stare + Per * infinitive	doing something in immediate future, eg: Sto per tornare a casa Fra due ore , sta per arrivare il presidente mattarella
Ce l’ho	I have it
ce li/le ho	(I have them)
Ce l’hai	(you have it) –
ce li/le hai	(you have them)
Ce l’ha	(he/has has it)-
ce li/le ha	(he/she has them)
Ce l’abbiamo	(we have it) –
ce li/le abbiamo	(we have them)
Ce l’avete	(you all have it) –
ce li/le avete	(you all have them)
Ce l’hanno	(they have it) –
ce li/le hanno	(they have them)
alcuni/alcune	Some, must be followed by plural nouns. alcuni i biscotti
ogni	Ogni means "every/each" as an invariable adjective (e.g., ogni giorno) and requires a singular noun,
poco poca pochi	little little few - must match number of gender of known
quando?	when?
quanto	how much?
quanti, quante	how many?
quale, quali (pl)	which, what? USED WHEN A CHOICE is implied
qual	what
Che, Che Cosa , Cosa	what.
quel, quella, quell', quello	that
quei, quelle, quegli	THOSE, Quei” is used before plural masculine nouns starting with a consonant, while “quegli” is used before plural masculine nouns starting with a vowel, “z,” “gn,” “ps,” “x,” or “s” follow
Questo, questa, quest'	this
Questi, queste	these
Qualunque	Any/anyone/whatever
Ogni	each, every
Qualche	some, a few Qualch always preceeds a singular nouns
Alcuni/e	Some, a few
Type Masc. Sing. Fem. Sing. Masc. Plural Fem. Plural Parecchio -o -a -chi -che Diverso -o -a -i -e Vario -o -a -i -e Variations on several.	Parecchio (A lot / Quite a bit / Several) This word is used when you have a substantial amount of something—more than "some," but perhaps not "millions." 2. Diverso (Different / Various / Several) When used before a noun, it usually means "several" o
Altro , Altri, Altre	Other / Others
sopra	above
sotto	under, below
dentro	in, inside
fuori	out, outside
davanti a	in front of
davanti	in front
dietro	behind
vicino a	near to
accanto a	next to
lontano da	far away from
Che Cosa s a pronoun, so you cannot use it together with nouns; that's why sentences such as *Che cosa tipo di musica ascolti? are wrong: tipo is a noun, so the correct sentence is Quale/che tipo di musica ascolti?
Che cosa means what when asking for a definition, so: Che cos'è un atomo? "What is an atom? = Give me a definition of atom".
Quale (or che, invariable) as an adjective involves a choice: Quale/che canzone preferisci? "What song do you like the most?" Che cos'è il tuo lavoro? would be understood as In cosa consiste il tuo lavoro? "What is your job about?"
Italian doesn't make a distinction between a choice out of an indefinite number (what) and a choice out of a definite number (which): quale/che is used in either cases. You might say quale dei/delle due if the context requires.
Finally, qual(e) (not che)is also a pronoun involving a choice: Qual è l'ultimo libro che hai letto? "What is the last book you have read?" not: ?*Che è l'ultimo libro che hai letto?
Di più	Di più is an adverbial phrase used after verbs and means ‘more.’ Voglio allenarmi di più quest’anno – I want to train more this year
In più	In più is a noun phrase that means ‘more’ or ‘in addition,’ and it is used to indicate that something is added to an existing quantity. used to refer to both tangible and intangible things. Vorrei una bottiglia d’acqua in più – I would like one more
Non più	means “not…anymore” and is used in negative sentences. The pattern to follow is “non + verb + più.” Non viaggio più – I don’t travel anymore no more, no longer
Proprio	possive adjective: own proprio means "one's own" (possessive, agreeing in gender/number) to clarify ownership or for emphasis it acts as an invariable adverb meaning "really," "exactly," or "just,"
Sempre di più	more and more
su	on
in piedi	standing
cui	which
tuttavia	however
oltre	"beyond," "past," or "more than", "in addition" 1. Oltre as a Preposition When used as a preposition, oltre is followed by a noun or a pronoun. It describes movement or a position that goes "beyond" a certain point. It can refer to physical space, ti
quasi	almost
infine	finally, lastly
A che cosa	what for
Suffix: -ino/a/i/e	tiny Povero (poor guy) → Poverino (little, poor guy) Paese (town) → Paesino (tiny town)
Suffix - -etto/a/i/e	little Case (houses) → casette (little houses) Muro (wall) → Muretto (little wall) Borsa (purse) → Borsetta (little purse) Pezzo (piece) → Pezzetto (little piece)
Suffix - -ello/a/i/e	Little Albero (tree) → alberello (small tree) Povero (poor person) → poverello (poor little poor man) Gioco (toy) → giocherello (poor little toy) Bambino (child) → bambinello (poor little child)
Suffix - -uccio, -uccia, -ucci, -ucce	something is of poor quality Maria (Mary) --> Mariuccia (little Mary) Regalo (gift) → regaluccio (little poor quality gift) Scarpe (shoes) → scarpucce (little poor shoes) Affari (business/affair) → affarucci (small lousy business)
Suffix - -one/-ona (singular) and -oni/-one (plural)	Largeness Libro (book) --> librone (big book) Lettera (letter) --> letterona (long letter) Bacio (kiss) → Bacione (big kiss)
Suffix - -accio, -accia, -acci, and -acce	bad/ugly Giorno (day) → Giornataccia (bad day) Ragazzo (Boy) → ragazzaccio (bad boy) Figura (impression) → figuraccia (bad impression)
per niente	not at all
appena malapena	appena - Just,as soon as - adv malapena - Barely
adagio	slowly - adverb
almeno	at least - adverb
appunto	Precisely, exactly - adverb
dappertutto	everywhere - adverb
inoltre	Furthermore, in addition, also, moreover - adverb
ormai	at this point by now / now - adverb
perfino/persino	even - adverb
perlopiù	mostly/mainly - adverb
soprattutto	especially - adverb
talvolta	sometimes - adverb
magari	maybe - adverb
pure	also, to, so - adverb
volentieri	willingly / glady - adverb
mai	never - adverb
male	badly/poorly bad/poor done - adverb
chiaro	clear / clearly - adverb of manner, parla chiaro (speak clearly)
grosso	big / huge / large - adverb
forte	strong /hard - adverb
lassù	up there - adverb
quassù	up here - adverb
quaggiù	down here - adverb
lì / là	THERE Just like qui and qua, the difference between lì and là (both meaning "there") is all about precision. Think of them as the "far away" versions of the words we just discussed. The Subtle Difference Word English Nuance Lì Right there Pre
qui / qua	- adverb here [ qui - refers to a specific location - here "qua" indicates a more general or approximate area near the speaker.
proprio	just / exactly / right - adverb
nemmeno, neanche, neppure	not even - adverb
mica	not at all - adverb
circa	about, approximately v
affatto	at all - adverb typically use witih non, as in not at all.
allora	then / so - adverb
subito	quickly / immediately / right - adverb
presto	soon / early - adverb
ancora	still / yet / more / again - adverb
dove/come/quanto/perché/di dove/meno/molto/bene/male/mai/spesso/forse /meglio/peggio/forse	various adverbs - adverb
causa	due/because/cause - adverb
troppo	too much - adverb
tanto	much / so much - adverb
poco	little / just - adverb
piuttosto	rather / quite - adverb
per lo più	mostly/mainly - adverb
parecchio	a lot of, several, /pretty/a long - adverb
assai	very much/much/very/quite -adverb
abbastanza	sufficiently - adverb
In Italian, the suffix -mente is used to turn an adjective into an adverb. It is the direct equivalent of the English suffix -ly. Derived adverbs - adding suffix mente certamente /ultimamente / velocemente / facilmente	How to Form Adverbs with -menteThe rule for creating these adverbs is very consistent:If the adjective ends in -a/-o: Start with the feminine singular form (ending in -a) and add -mente. Lento (slow) Lenta + mente = Lentamente (Slowly) Raro (rare)
In Italian, the ending -oni serves two main purposes. It is primarily used as a plural suffix for specific types of nouns, or as an augmentative suffix to make something sound bigger or more intense. 1. The Plural EndingFor standard masculine nouns tha	In Italian, the ending -oni serves two main purposes. It is primarily used as a plural suffix for specific types of nouns, or as an augmentative suffix to make something sound bigger or more intense. 1. The Plural EndingFor standard masculine nouns tha
Bello - When it comes after the noun, it follows regular adjective patterns (e.g., un vestito bello, due vestiti belli)
Bello - when it precedes the noun, it can change to bel, bello, bell', bei, begli, or belle.
Descriptive (Before the noun): When "bello" comes before the noun, it's often used to describe a quality or characteristic of the noun.	Descriptive (Before the noun): For example, "un bel fiore" (a beautiful flower) emphasizes the flower's beauty. In this case, the adjective acts as a simple descriptor, and the speaker might be referring to any beautiful flower.
Restrictive (After the noun): When "bello" follows the noun, it can be used to identify or restrict the noun to a specific subset.	For example, "un fiore bello" (a flower that is beautiful) implies a specific flower that is beautiful, distinguishing it from other flowers.
Emphatic/Figurative (Before the noun): Sometimes, "bello" before the noun can carry a more emphatic or figurative meaning.	For example, "un bel ragazzo" (a handsome boy) might imply a particularly attractive or charming boy.
Literal (After the noun): Conversely, "un ragazzo bello" (a boy who is handsome) might be a more straightforward description of the boy's appearance.
BUONO: General Goodness and Suitability: When "buono" is used before a noun, it often indicates an inherent quality or a general sense of goodness.:	For example: "Un buon libro" (A good book) - This implies the book is generally considered good, perhaps for its quality or content. "Un buon caffè" (A good coffee) - This suggests the coffee is tasty or enjoyable.
BUONO: Emphasis and Specificity: When "buono" follows the noun, it tends to emphasize the specific quality or suitability of the noun in question.	"Un libro buono" (A good book, in the sense that it's suitable) - This might be used when talking about a book that is appropriate
BUONO: Form Changes: Like some other Italian adjectives, "buono" changes its form when placed before a noun. It becomes "buon" before masculine singular nouns that begin with a vowel or consonant.	"Un buon libro" (A good book) "Un buon amico" (A good friend) "Un buon gelato" (A good gelato)
The interrogative adverbs in Italian are as follows: come how come mai how come dove where quando when perché why
Come and dove are generally shortened to com’ and dov’ before the conjugated forms of essere beginning with the letter e.
In questions beginning with an interrogative adverb, the subject is generally put at the end of the sentence. Quando si è laureato Raimondo? When did Raimondo graduate? Dov’è andato Sebastiano? Where did Sebastiano go?
After perché and come mai you will see the subject either before the verb or at the end of the question. Come mai non vuole venire Cinzia? (Come mai Cinzia non vuole venire?) How come Cinzia doesn’t want to come?	Perché Andrea non è venuto? (Perché non è venuto Andrea?) Why didn’t Andrea come?
When forming a yes/no question in Italian, the subject can come at the beginning or the end of the question.
The interrogative adjectives are as follows: quanto, quanta, quanti, quante how much, how many che what, what kind of quale, quali which, what
interrogative adjectives, before a noun, must agree in gender and number with the noun they are modifying. The exception to this rule is che, which is invariable. Quale usually implies a choice between two or more things, and che is used more generally.
Che often substitutes quale in informal Italian. Che (quali) studenti vengono? What (which) students are coming? Che (quali) tipi preferisce? What (which) types does she prefer?
The interrogative pronouns are as follows: chi who, whom che, cosa, che cosa what quanto, quanta, quanti, quante how much, how many quale, qual, quali which (one), which (ones)
Interrogative pronouns take the place of nouns in questions, or refer back to previously mentioned nouns. Quale and quanto are used as both adjectives and pronouns, and they always agree with the nouns they replace. Italian interrogative pronouns ask	Quale drops its final e before a vowel--usually in front of a conjugated form of essere. Che, cosa, and che cosa are interchangeable. Common Interrogative Pronouns Chi: Who/Whom (invariable, for people). Chi sei? (Who are you?) Che / Cosa / Che cosa
A preposition is only needed when the pronoun is the object of that preposition—just like in English when we say "With whom?" or "From where?". When you DO NOT need a preposition You don't use a preposition when the pronoun is the subject of the sente	Subject: Chi parla italiano? (Who speaks Italian?) Direct Object: Cosa mangi? (What are you eating?) Subject/Selection: Quale preferisci? (Which one do you prefer?) Quantity: Quanti sono? (How many are there?) reposition Italian Question English Tra
Di chi, which means whose, is directly followed by essere.	Di chi è questa giacca? Whose jacket is this?
Che cosa is used with essere to ask for the definition of a word	Che cosa sono i Muppets? What are the Muppets?
In Italian, past participles can be used as adjectives, and when they are, they must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. This agreement is similar to how Italian adjectives change to match the nouns they describe.	For example, "una torta decorata" (a decorated cake) uses the past participle "decorata" (decorated) which agrees in gender (feminine) and number (singular) with "torta" (cake).
cioè	that is," "that is to say," "in other words," or "I mean," used to clarify, explain, or rephrase a preceding statement. I
nonostante	despite, notwithstanding
Siccome	Since used to start a sentence instead of Perchè Don't s Perchè to start a sentence
qualunque	1. As an Adjective (Any / Any kind of) When used as an adjective, qualunque always precedes a singular noun. It is invariable, meaning it never changes for gender (masculine/feminine). In any case: In qualunque caso, chiamami. (In any case, call me.)
ognuno	while ognuno means "each one/everyone" as a pronoun, referring to individuals within a group and acting as a substitute for a noun. Refers to all individuals in a group, often interchangeable with ciascuno.
entro	within, inside, a Preposition
come in	as in
che ne dici	what about, what do you think
A transitive verb is an action verb that transfers its action to a direct object—a person, place, or thing that receives the action. To identify a transitive verb, ask "what?" or "whom?" after the verb;
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take a direct object; the action of the verb is complete on its own, or it is followed by an adverb or prepositional phrase rather than a noun or pronoun receiving the action.	Verbs of movement , verbs of state/condition change
a volte	sometimes
in grado	able
Venuto in mente	came to mind , occurred to me.
Ogni tanto	sometimes, every now and then
qualsiasi	Any
chiunque	anyone, whoever
mi sa	I might, I believe, pretty sure
il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui	whose, must agree in gender and number
l'anno in cui sono nato l'anno nel quale sono nato l'anno che sono nato (colloquial)	Expressions of time, WHEN as a relative pronoun
la città dove abitiamo la città in cui abitiamo la città nella quale abitiamo	Expressions of place, WHERE as a relative pronoun.
oppure	or
qualsiasi	any
affinchè, modo che	so that
col	with
maggioranza di	majority of
altrove	elsewhere
Avanzi	leftovers
Sacco	sacco
Vattene	go away
Visto (che)	Since or Given Visto (che) as Conjunction (Since/Given/Seeing that) When used in the phrase visto che, it acts as a conjunction to introduce a reason or cause for something else.
comunque	anyway
Causali (Giving Reasons) - Perché	Because / Why
Causali (Giving Reasons) - Siccome	Since / As (usually starts a sentence
Causali (Giving Reasons) - Poiché	Since / Because (a bit more formal than perché)
Causali (Giving Reasons) - Dato che	Given that
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Da quando	Since (referring to a point in time
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Da allora	Since then / From that time
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Mentre	While
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Appena	As soon as
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Finora	Until now / So far
Temporali (Time and Sequence) - Poi / Dopo	Then / After
Contrasto (Showing Opposition) -Tuttavia	However / Nevertheless
Contrasto (Showing Opposition) - Però / Ma	But
Contrasto (Showing Opposition) -Invece	Instead / On the other hand
Contrasto (Showing Opposition) - Nonostante	Despite / Although (often requires the subjunctive
Conclusivi (Drawing Conclusions) - Quindi	So / Therefore
Conclusivi (Drawing Conclusions) - Dunque	Therefore / Well then / so
Conclusivi (Drawing Conclusions) - Perciò	For this reason / So / therefore
Conclusivi (Drawing Conclusions) - Infatti	In fact / Indeed (used to confirm or explain something)
Aggiuntivi (Adding Information) - Inoltre	Furthermore / Moreover
Aggiuntivi (Adding Information) - Anche	Also
Aggiuntivi (Adding Information) - Oltre a	In addition to
altrimenti	Otherwise
0	zero
1	uno
2	due
3	tre
4	quattro
5	cinque
6	sei
7	sette
8	otto
9	nove
10	dieci
11	undici
12	dodici
13	tredici
14	quattordici
15	quindici
16	sedici
17	diciassette
18	diciotto
19	diciannove
20	venti
30	trenta
40	quaranta
50	cinquanta
60	sessanta
70	settanta
80	ottanta
90	novanta
Il problema	I problemi	The problem
Il sistema	I sistemi	The system
Il dilemma	I dilemmi	The dilemma
Il clima	I climi	The climate
Il tema	I temi	The theme / essay
Il diploma	I diplomi	The diploma
Il panorama	I panorami	The panorama / view
Il sintomo	I sintomi	The symptom
Il dramma	I drammi	The drama
Il pianeta	I pianeti	The planet
Il programma	I programmi	The program
Il telegramma	I telegrammi	The telegram
Il diagramma	I diagrammi	The diagram
Il pigiama	I pigiami	The pajamas
Il trauma	I traumi	The trauma
Il carisma	I carismi	The charisma
L'atleta	Gli atleti	Le atlete	The athlete
Il/La poeta	I poeti	Le poetesse*	The poet
Il/La dentista	I dentisti	Le dentiste	The dentist
Il/La regista	I registi	Le registe	The director
Il/La profeta	I profeti	Le profetesse	The prophet
La crisi	Le crisi	The crisis
La tesi	Le tesi	The thesis
L'analisi	Le analisi	The analysis
La sintesi	Le sintesi	The synthesis
La diagnosi	Le diagnosi	The diagnosis
stesso	same, itself, himself

Created by: mxitalian

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